{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:10:48Z","timestamp":1774278648253,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"Soonchunhyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C4002095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C4002095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-155 in inflammation in an in-vitro model of Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (GO). The expression levels of miR-155 were compared between GO and non-GO orbital tissues. The effects of inflammatory stimulation of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) on miR-155 expression on GO and non-GO orbital fibroblasts (OFs) were investigated. The effects of miR-155 mimics and inhibitors of inflammatory proteins and IL-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) expression were examined, along with those related to the knockdown of ITK with siITK transfection on inflammatory proteins. We also examined how ITK inhibitors affect miR-155 expression in GO and non-GO OFs. The expression levels of miR-155 were higher in GO orbital tissues than in non-GO tissue. The overexpression of miR-155 was induced by IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 in OFs from GO and non-GO patients. IL-1\u03b2-induced IL-6 (ICAM1) protein production was significantly reduced (increased) by miR-155 mimics and inhibitors. The mRNA and protein levels of ITK were downregulated by overexpressed miR-155 via miR-155 mimics. Knockdown of ITK via siITK transfection induced a decrease in the expression levels of ITK, IL-17, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 protein. The expression of miR-155 was significantly downregulated by treatment with ITK inhibitors and Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK)\/ITK dual inhibitors in a time-dependent manner. Our results indicated a potential relationship between miR-155 and ITK in the context of GO OFs. The overexpression of miR-155 repressed ITK expression and relieved inflammation. Thus, miR-155 appears to have anti-inflammatory effects in GO OFs. This discovery provides a new concept for developing GO treatment therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T17:41:17Z","timestamp":1660844477000},"page":"e0270416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["MicroRNA-155 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor in orbital fibroblasts from Graves\u2019 orbitopathy by repressing interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yeon Jeong","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charm","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun 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