{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:47Z","timestamp":1787022107425,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["20K19698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K19698"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study aimed to investigate the time course of changes in choroidal circulation hemodynamics and their relationship to systemic circulation dynamics during the normal menstrual cycle in young, healthy women using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study included 26 eyes from 13 young, healthy women (21.3 \u00b1 4.0 years) with a normal menstrual cycle and 24 eyes from 12 young, healthy men (21.8 \u00b1 4.4 years) as a control group. The macular mean blur rate (MBR), a quantitative index of relative blood flow velocity in the choroid, was measured using LSFG. MBR, intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) were evaluated in the late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase in women and at baseline and 10 days after baseline in men, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the female group, IOP, SBP, DBP, MBP, and OPP values were significantly higher in the mid-luteal phase than those observed in the late follicular phase (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.035,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.041,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014, respectively). The average macular MBR values in the late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase were 12.7 \u00b1 5.3 and 13.7 \u00b1 6.6 (+7.7 \u00b1 19.4%), representing a significant increase in the mid-luteal phase (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.041). The rate of change in MBR exhibited a significant positive correlation with changes in DBP and MBP (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.456,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019 and\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.474,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014). However, there were no significant changes in any of the factors in the male group during the study period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that in young, healthy women with a normal menstrual cycle, choroidal blood flow velocity decreases during the late follicular phase and increases during the mid-luteal phase, depending on systemic circulatory dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T13:27:19Z","timestamp":1656336439000},"page":"e0270501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Changes in choroidal circulation hemodynamics during the menstrual cycle in young, healthy women"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Haneda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-5387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuki","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Airi","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daichi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Yoshitomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0270501.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-2-305","article-title":"Morphological and endocrinological studies on follicular development during the human menstrual cycle","volume":"62","author":"K Chikazawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1123","article-title":"Endometrial development in association with ovarian follicular waves during the menstrual cycle","volume":"24","author":"AR Baerwald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(86)90336-4","article-title":"Sonographic depiction of the endometrium during normal cycles","volume":"12","author":"AC Fleischer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1988.tb01669.x","article-title":"What are the ultrasound and biochemical features of impending ovulation?","volume":"28","author":"JA Eden","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del211","article-title":"Assessment of changes in volume and vascularity of the ovaries during the normal menstrual cycle using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound","volume":"21","author":"L Jokubkiene","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H920","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00474.2018","article-title":"Sex differences in cerebral autoregulation are unaffected by menstrual cycle phase in young, healthy women","volume":"316","author":"ME Favre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933313","article-title":"Blood pressure and hemodynamics: Mayer waves in different phases of ovarian and menstrual cycle in women","volume":"66","author":"Ol Lutsenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref008","first-page":"340","article-title":"Parametric evaluation of heart rate variability during the menstrual cycle in young women","volume":"41","author":"T Princi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomed Sci Instrum"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820500490218","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system activity in the late luteal phase of eumenorrheic women with premenstrual symptomatology","volume":"27","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.8.862","article-title":"Influence of the menstrual cycle on sympathetic activity, baroreflex sensitivity, and vascular transduction in young women","volume":"101","author":"CT Minson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90646-O","article-title":"Progesterone increases cardiovascular toxicity to cocaine in nonpregnant ewes","volume":"163","author":"MA Plessinger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000292636","article-title":"Progesterone reduces sympathetic tone without changing blood pressure or fluid balance in men","volume":"36","author":"A Tollan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh056","article-title":"Quantifying the changes in endometrial vascularity throughout the normal menstrual cycle with three-dimensional power Doppler angiography","volume":"19","author":"NJ Raine-Fenning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1053\/ob.1996.v175.a73865","article-title":"Blood flow changes in the ovarian and uterine arteries during the normal menstrual cycle","volume":"175","author":"P Sladkevicius","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.67.321","article-title":"Reproducibility and variability of quantitative cerebral blood flow measured by multi-delay 3D arterial spin labeling according to sex and menstrual cycle","volume":"67","author":"M Otomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Invest"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref016","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Reproducibility of retinal circulation measurements obtained using laser speckle flowgraphy-NAVI in patients with glaucoma","volume":"5","author":"N Aizawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4422","article-title":"In vivo measurement of blood velocity in human major retinal vessels using the laser speckle method","volume":"52","author":"M Nagahara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775780","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302349","article-title":"Macular choroidal blood flow velocity decreases with regression of acute central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"97","author":"M Saito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6515","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17246","article-title":"Pulse waveform changes in macular choroidal hemodynamics with regression of acute central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"56","author":"M Saito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04511-y","article-title":"Increased choroidal blood flow and choroidal thickness in patients with hypertensive chorioretinopathy","volume":"258","author":"M Saito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16567","article-title":"Sex-related differences in ocular blood flow of healthy subjects using laser speckle flowgraphy","volume":"56","author":"K Yanagida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270501.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-019-0152-7","article-title":"Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles","volume":"27","author":"JR Bull","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.01586.x","article-title":"Use of laser speckle flowgraphy in ocular blood flow research","volume":"88","author":"T Sugiyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref024","first-page":"3825","article-title":"Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon","volume":"35","author":"Y Tamaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref025","first-page":"1752","article-title":"Effect of acute decreases of perfusion pressure on choroidal blood flow in humans","volume":"38","author":"CE Riva","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2927-5","article-title":"Relationship between choroidal blood flow velocity and choroidal thickness during systemic corticosteroid therapy for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"253","author":"K Hirooka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0270501.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e629","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13024","article-title":"Choroidal circulation impairment during the anterior recurrence of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease confirmed with indocyanine green angiography and laser speckle flowgraphy","volume":"94","author":"Y Takemoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T13:27:57Z","timestamp":1656336477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270501"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alon","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270501","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]}}}