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In Salvador, Brazil, The Center for Control of Zoonosis (CCZ) is responsible for planning and implementing Rodent Control Programs (RCP) which are based on chemical rodenticide. However, these strategies have not been standardized for use in developing countries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to identify the effect of a chemical control campaign on the demographic variables of urban <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>norvegicus<\/jats:italic>, analyzing relative abundance, sex structure, body mass, and age of the population, as well as the characterization of spatial distribution among households, rodent capture campaigns and interventions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study was carried out during 2015 in three valleys of an urban poor community in Salvador. Individuals of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>norvegicus<\/jats:italic> were systematically captured before (Pre-intervention) and three months (1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> post-intervention) and six months (2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> post-intervention) after a chemical control intervention conducted by the CCZ in two valleys of the study area while the third valley was not included in the intervention campaign and was used as a non-intervention reference. We used analysis of variance to determine if intervention affected demographic variables and chi-square to compare proportions of infested households (Rodent infestation index\u2013PII).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During the chemical intervention, 939 households were visited. In the pre-intervention campaign, an effort of 310 trap nights resulted in 43 rodents captured, and in the 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> and 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>, post-intervention campaigns resulted in 47 rodents captured over 312 trap nights and 36 rodents captured over 324 traps-nights, respectively. The rodent infestation index (PII) points did not show a reduction between the period before the intervention and the two periods after the chemical intervention (70%, 72%, and 65%, respectively). Regarding relative abundances, there was no difference between valleys and period before and two periods after chemical intervention (trap success valley 1: 0,18; 0,19; 0,18 \/ Valley 3 0,15; 0,17; 0,13\/ P&gt;0,05). Other demographic results showed that there was no difference in demographic characteristics of the rodent population before and after the intervention, as well as there being no influence of the application of rodenticide on the areas of concentration of capture of rodents between the campaigns.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study indicates that the chemical control was not effective in controlling the population of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>norvegicus<\/jats:italic> and provides evidence of the need for re-evaluation of rodent control practices in urban poor community settings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T17:35:38Z","timestamp":1658338538000},"page":"e0270568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of the impact of chemical control on the ecology of Rattus norvegicus of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Arsino\u00ea Cristina","family":"Pertile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Lustosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ticiana","family":"Carvalho-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Ghizzi","family":"Pedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1669-5727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jesus Alonso","family":"Panti-May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udimila","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0490-4395","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caio Graco","family":"Zeppelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3542-8918","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F\u00e1bio Neves","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiana S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitermayer G.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Childs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert I.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Begon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0270568.ref001","author":"EL Moreno","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0270568.ref002","unstructured":"Programme UNHS. 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