{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:02:55Z","timestamp":1782795775507,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["0451-2019-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0451-2019-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, with the acute form of the disease being characterized by high fever, hemorrhages in the reticuloendothelial system and a high mortality rate. Registered safe and efficacious ASF vaccines are not available. The development of experimental ASF vaccines, particularly live attenuated, have considerably intensified in the last years. There is much variability in experimental approaches undertaken by laboratories attempting to develop first generation vaccines, rendering it difficult to interpret and make comparisons across trials. ASF virus (ASFV) genotyping does not fully correlate with available cross-protection data and may be of limited value in predicting cross-protective vaccine efficacy. Recently, ASFV strains were assigned to a respective nine groups by seroimmunotype (from I to IX): <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> the grouping is based on results of cross protection of pigs survived after their infection with a virulent strain (bioassay), while <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> this grouping is based on hemadsorption inhibition assay (HADIA) data. Here we demonstrate the antigenic and protective properties of two attenuated ASFV strains MK200 and FK-32\/135. Pronounced differences in the HADIA and in immunological test in animals allow us to consider them and the corresponding reference virulent strains of the ASFV of Mozambique-78 (seroimmunotype III, genotype V) and France-32 (seroimmunotype IV, genotype I) as useful models for studying the mechanisms of protective immunity and evaluation of the candidate vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T17:32:45Z","timestamp":1657215165000},"page":"e0270641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The attenuated ASFV strains MK-200 and FK-32\/135 as possible models for investigation of protective immunity by ASFV infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alexey D.","family":"Sereda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0126-9023","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna S.","family":"Kazakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1116-090X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanzhi G.","family":"Namsrayn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail E.","family":"Vlasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis V.","family":"Kolbasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0270641.ref001","first-page":"104","article-title":"Hemadsorption and cytopathic effect produced by ASFV in swine bone marrow and buffy coat cultures","volume":"21","author":"WA Malmquist","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.013","article-title":"Identification and utility of innate immune system evasion mechanisms of ASFV","volume":"173","author":"S Correia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pone.0270641.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.04.002","article-title":"African swine fever virus proteins involved in evading host defense systems","volume":"100","author":"LK Dixon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Immunol and Immunopathol"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.005","article-title":"Review of the sylvatic cycle of African swine fever in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean","volume":"173","author":"F Jori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.026","article-title":"Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar","volume":"173","author":"S Blome","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01249690","article-title":"Antigenic relationship among strains of African swine fever virus","volume":"45","author":"JD Vigario","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Gesamte Virusforsch"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref007","first-page":"38","article-title":"Antigenic diversity of African swine fever viruses [in Russian]","volume":"56","author":"AD Sereda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vopr Virusol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270641.ref008","first-page":"141","article-title":"Serotype-specific and haemadsorption protein of the African swine fever virus","volume":"55","author":"AD Sereda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270641.ref009","first-page":"168","article-title":"Immune reactions to the African swine fever virus] [Article in Russian","volume":"37","author":"AD Sereda","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vopr Virusol"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2102.140649","article-title":"Comparative analysis of African swine fever virus genotypes and serogroups","volume":"21","author":"A Malogolovkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270641.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9040274","article-title":"Protective Properties of Attenuated Strains of African Swine Fever Virus Belonging to Seroimmunotypes I-VIII","volume":"9","author":"AD Sereda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref012","unstructured":"Pini A. Strains of African swine fever virus isolated from domestic pigs and from the tick Ornithodoros moubata in South Africa. D.V.Sc. Thesis 1977, University of Pretoria. [Google Scholar]"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.94.1.2","article-title":"Isolation of a non-haemadsorbing strain of African swine fever (ASF) virus from a natural outbreak of the disease","volume":"94","author":"A Pini","year":"1974","journal-title":"Veterinary Records"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0402-0_2","volume-title":"Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses. Livestock Diseases and Management","author":"A Malogolovkin","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref015","first-page":"450","article-title":"Serologic and immunologic studies with African swine fever virus","volume":"24","author":"WA Malmquist","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270641.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.04.028","article-title":"Deletion of virulence associated genes from attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OUR T88\/3 decreases its ability to protect against challenge with virulent virus","volume":"443","author":"CC Abrams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0270641.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.03.040","article-title":"African swine fever virus (ASFV) protection mediated by NH\/P68 and NH\/P68 recombinant live-attenuated viruses","volume":"36","author":"C Gallardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-3-513","article-title":"The non-haemadsorbing African swine fever virus isolate ASFV\/NH\/P68 provides a model for defining the protective anti-virus immune response","volume":"82","author":"A Leit\u00e3o","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0270641.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12583","article-title":"Estimating the Basic Reproductive Number for African Swine Fever Using the Ukrainian Historical Epidemic of 1977","volume":"64","author":"FI Korennoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref020","unstructured":"OIE ASF, 2019: World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). African swine fever (infection with African swine fever virus). Chapter 3.8.1. In Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals (mammals, birds and bees), 8th Ed. Paris, France, World Health Organization for Animal Health, 2019. https:\/\/www.oie.int\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/3.08.01_ASF.pdf."},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref021","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Rapid Methods of Statistical Processing and Planning of Experiments","author":"IP Ashmarin","year":"1975","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref022","unstructured":"National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Eighth Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press."},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref023","unstructured":"Rules of sampling pathological materials, blood, feed and their delivery for laboratory testing [Pravila vzyatiya patologicheskogo materiala, krovi, kormov i peresylki ih dlya laboratornogo issledovaniya]: approved by the Main Veterinary Department of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture on 24.06.1971. https:\/\/docs.cntd.ru\/document\/1200109238. [in Russian]."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270641.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-008-0293-2","article-title":"Enhanced discrimination of African swine fever virus isolates through nucleotide sequencing of the p54, p72, and pB602L (CVR) genes","volume":"38","author":"C Gallardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270641.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-002-0946-8","article-title":"Genotyping field strains of African swine fever virus by partial p72 gene characterization","volume":"148","author":"AD Bastos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0270641.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-006-0794-z","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of African swine fever virus studied by analysis of four variable genome regions","volume":"151","author":"RJ Nix","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"28","key":"pone.0270641.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.052","article-title":"Protection of European domestic pigs from virulent African isolates of African swine fever virus by experimental immunization","volume":"29","author":"K King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0270641.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050943","article-title":"Thoughts on African Swine Fever Vaccines","volume":"13","author":"DL Rock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref029","volume-title":"Collection monographique","author":"A Lucas","year":"1967"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref030","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Laboratory manual for diagnosis of African swine fever","author":"C Sanchez-Botija","year":"1977"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270641.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01253773","article-title":"Serological behavior of isolated African swine fever virus: brief report","volume":"31","author":"JD Vigario","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Gesamte Virusforsch"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref032","first-page":"28","article-title":"Differentiation of African and classical swine fever viruses. [in Russian]","volume":"4","author":"IF Vishnyakov","year":"1991","journal-title":"Veterinariya"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref033","volume-title":"Viral Diseases of Animals","author":"VM Balyshev","year":"1995"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"pone.0270641.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000024","article-title":"African swine fever virus CD2v and C-type lectin gene loci mediate serological specificity","volume":"96","author":"A Malogolovkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270641.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12504","article-title":"Improved Strategy for Molecular Characterization of African Swine Fever Viruses from Sardinia, Based on Analysis of p30, CD2V and I73R\/I329L Variable Regions","volume":"64","author":"G Sanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270641.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2478\/acve-2021-0007","article-title":"Rapid Identification for Serotyping of African Swine Fever Virus Based on the Short Fragment of the EP402R Gene Encoding for CD2-Like Protein","volume":"71","author":"Tran Ha Thi Thanh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta veterinaria"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref037","unstructured":"Ruiz-Gonzalvo F, Carnero E, Bruyel V. Immunological responses of pigs to partially attenuated African swine fever virus and their resistance to virulent homologous and heterologous viruses. In African Swine Fever. Proc. EUR 8466 EN; Wilkinson, P.J., Ed.; CEC\/FAO: Sardinia, Italy, 1983; 2066\u20132216."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0270641.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00084","article-title":"Progress Toward Development of Effective and Safe African Swine Fever Virus Vaccines","volume":"21","author":"H Sang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0275-z","article-title":"Live attenuated African swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection","volume":"46","author":"A Lacasta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0270641.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12303","article-title":"Immunization of African Indigenous Pigs with Attenuated Genotype I African Swine Fever Virus OURT88\/3 Induces Protection Against Challenge with Virulent Strains of Genotype I","volume":"63","author":"LK Mulumba-Mfumu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80058-0","article-title":"Characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic African swine fever virus isolates from Ornithodoros erraticus inhabiting pig premises in Portugal","volume":"85","author":"FS Boinas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0270641.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12431","article-title":"Experimental Transmission of African Swine Fever (ASF) Low Virulent Isolate NH\/P68 by Surviving Pigs","volume":"62","author":"C Gallardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"pone.0270641.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.11.021","article-title":"Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunized with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88\/3","volume":"138","author":"PJ S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270641","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T17:33:26Z","timestamp":1657215206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270641"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Douglas","family":"Gladue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270641","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]}}}