{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:16:10Z","timestamp":1790216170511,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exam-related unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs) and related neutralizing behaviors are common experiences among students. The present study investigated in what ways these UITs and behaviors are analogues to clinical obsessions and compulsions. Twenty-nine students completed three ecological momentary assessment surveys per day over 7 consecutive days, assessing the severity of exam-related UITs and related neutralizing behaviors, obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, anxiety, distress, urge to neutralize, depressed mood, and stress in the week immediately before an exam period. Multilevel analysis demonstrated that the severity of exam-related UITs and related neutralizing behaviors was positively associated with OC symptoms, anxiety, distress, urge to neutralize, and stress but was not related to depressed mood. During the study period, the exam-related UITs occurred on average 7 times, and the related neutralizing behaviors on average 6 times. Overall, they were experienced with mild severity, low distress, and low urge to neutralize. Findings indicate that some aspects of exam-related UITs and related neutralizing behaviors (e.g., association with distress and urge to neutralize) might be analogous to OC symptoms but not all (e.g., no relation to depressed mood). We discuss how research on obsessive-compulsive disorder could benefit from considering exam-related UITs and related behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T18:12:08Z","timestamp":1657044728000},"page":"e0270692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exam-related unwanted intrusive thoughts and related neutralizing behaviors: Analogues to obsessions and compulsions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-8065","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Koll\u00e1rik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2619-913X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlotta V.","family":"Heinzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Mich\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roselind","family":"Lieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9232-0911","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karina","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270692.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(78)90022-0","article-title":"Abnormal and normal obsessions","volume":"16","author":"S Rachman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270692.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.09.002","article-title":"Part 1\u2014You can run but you can\u2019t hide: Intrusive thoughts on six continents","volume":"3","author":"AS Radomsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270692.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2016.1262894","article-title":"Intrusive thoughts in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and non-clinical participants: a comparison using the International Intrusive Thought Interview Schedule","volume":"46","author":"M Bouvard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270692.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.11.012","article-title":"Symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: from normal cognitive intrusions to clinical obsessions","volume":"25","author":"G Garcia-Soriano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0270692.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00040-5","article-title":"A cognitive theory of obsessions","volume":"35","author":"S. 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