{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:16:36Z","timestamp":1747196196466,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology","award":["NRF-2019R1A6A1A03031807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A6A1A03031807"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology","award":["NRF-2019R1A6A1A03031807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A6A1A03031807"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology","award":["NRF-2019R1A6A1A03031807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A6A1A03031807"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology","award":["NRF-2019R1A6A1A03031807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A6A1A03031807"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2020R1F1A1069046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1F1A1069046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2020R1F1A1069046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1F1A1069046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dupilumab is a human antibody that blocks the signaling of both interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 receptors. It has been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. However, several case reports have reported conflicting effects of dupilumab on alopecia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to examine dupilumab-related hair disorders using the large real-world database, VigiBase.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All individual case safety reports associated with dupilumab in the Uppsala Monitoring Center VigiBase until December 29, 2019, were analyzed. Hair disorder-related terms were defined in High Level Terms with \u201calopecias,\u201d \u201cpilar disorders NEC (not elsewhere classified),\u201d and \u201chypertrichoses,\u201d using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Hierarchy. Hair disorder reports associated with dupilumab and other biologics that inhibit the Th2 axis (omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab) were analyzed to determine their association with hair disorders. Disproportionality analysis was performed based on the proportional reporting ratio, reporting odds ratio, and information components.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among the 20,548 total dupilumab adverse event (AE) reports, hair disorders were reported in 462 dupilumab cases (2.2%), most of which reported hair loss, and only eight cases reported an increase in hair growth. The paradoxical trend in hair loss and growth after dupilumab use was confirmed using a disproportionality analysis. Among the other investigated biologics on Th2 immunity, only omalizumab was associated with hair loss. Additionally, hair disorders after dupilumab treatment were more frequently reported in women than in men. The proportion of hair disorder cases was high in Europe, accounting for 20.8% of hair disorder reports, whereas only 9.7% of all dupilumab-related AEs were reported in Europe. In conclusion, our analysis using a large real-world database confirmed that dupilumab is associated with hair disorders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T17:34:23Z","timestamp":1658943263000},"page":"e0270906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Short communication: Comments on hair disorders associated with dupilumab based on VigiBase"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9053-6930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sunny","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So Hyang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Joo","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7831-7740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soo An","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270906.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-020-00387-2","article-title":"Dupilumab to Treat Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases in Children and Adolescents","volume":"22","author":"A. Licari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatric Drugs"},{"issue":"5397","key":"pone.0270906.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5397.2261","article-title":"Requirement for IL-13 independently of IL-4 in experimental asthma","volume":"282","author":"G. Gr\u00fcnig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0270906.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7821","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.7821","article-title":"Phenotypic and physiologic characterization of transgenic mice expressing interleukin 4 in the lung: lymphocytic and eosinophilic inflammation without airway hyperreactivity","volume":"93","author":"J.A. Rankin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5397","key":"pone.0270906.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5397.2258","article-title":"Interleukin-13: central mediator of allergic asthma","volume":"282","author":"M. Wills-Karp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pone.0270906.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6845","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S345665","article-title":"Impact of Anti-Type 2 Inflammation Biologic Therapy on COVID-19 Clinical Course and Outcome","volume":"14","author":"D. Poddighe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of inflammation research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270906.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.302","article-title":"Big Data and Adverse Drug Reaction Detection","volume":"99","author":"R. Harpaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270906.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475421995186","article-title":"Alopecia Areata Related Paradoxical Reactions in Patients on Dupilumab Therapy: A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"M. Sachdeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0270906.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5153","DOI":"10.1021\/pr100422u","article-title":"Trichohyalin is a potential major autoantigen in human alopecia areata","volume":"9","author":"M.C. Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0270906.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.04.004","article-title":"Identification of Autoantigen Epitopes in Alopecia Areata","volume":"136","author":"E.H.C. Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0270906.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.08.035","article-title":"Frontiers in alopecia areata pathobiology research","volume":"144","author":"A. Gilhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270906.ref011","first-page":"130","article-title":"Alopecia areata is characterized by dysregulation in systemic type 17 and type 2 cytokines, which may contribute to disease-associated psychological morbidity","volume":"182","author":"K.A. Bain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0270906.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.06.032","article-title":"Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17\/TH22 skewing","volume":"136","author":"M. Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.11.020","article-title":"Alopecia areata after dupilumab for atopic dermatitis","volume":"4","author":"K. Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAAD Case Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000458","article-title":", Alopecia Areata After Treatment with Dupilumab","volume":"30","author":"S. Yazdanyar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0270906.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.2976","article-title":"Hair Regrowth in a Patient With Long-standing Alopecia Totalis and Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Dupilumab","volume":"154","author":"L.R. Penzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref016","first-page":"534","article-title":"Dual efficacy of dupilumab in a patient with concomitant atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata","volume":"179","author":"A.S. Darrigade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"9237","key":"pone.0270906.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02799-9","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis, and management","volume":"356","author":"I.R. Edwards","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0270906.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.677","article-title":"Use of proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) for signal generation from spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports","volume":"10","author":"S.J.W. Evans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0270906.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1001","article-title":"The reporting odds ratio and its advantages over the proportional reporting ratio","volume":"13","author":"K.J. Rothman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270906.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050466","article-title":"A Bayesian neural network method for adverse drug reaction signal generation","volume":"54","author":"A. Bate","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2019.60.2.200","article-title":"Signal Detection for Cardiovascular Adverse Events of DPP-4 Inhibitors Using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database, 2008\u20132016","volume":"60","author":"H. Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yonsei medical journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.11.006","article-title":"Dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis leading to unexpected treatment for alopecia universalis","volume":"5","author":"D.T. Alniemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0270906.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13990","article-title":"Simultaneous effectiveness of dupilumab in atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata in two patients","volume":"17","author":"L. Ludriksone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0270906.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.2915","article-title":"Effectiveness of Dupilumab in the treatment of both atopic dermatitis and alopecia universalis","volume":"8","author":"J.E. Call","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0270906.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3183","article-title":"Dupilumab Improved Alopecia Areata in a Patient with Atopic Dermatitis: A Case Report","volume":"99","author":"H. Uchida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e223","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13208","article-title":"Improvement of alopecia areata with Dupilumab in a patient with severe atopic dermatitis and review the literature","volume":"61","author":"J. Magdaleno-Tapial","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270906.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.02.009","article-title":"Dupilumab therapy rapidly improved alopecia areata associated with trichotillomania in an atopic dermatitis patient","volume":"69","author":"M. Ushida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270906.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0541","article-title":"Onset of Schamberg Disease and Resolution of Alopecia Areata During Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis With Dupilumab","volume":"31","author":"S. Szekely","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.11.007","article-title":"Remission of alopecia universalis in a patient with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab","volume":"5","author":"J. Smogorzewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAD case reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0270906.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0301","article-title":"Alopecia Areata in Severe Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Dupilumab","volume":"28","author":"B. Barroso-Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0270906.ref031","article-title":"Alopecia areata development in atopic dermatitis patients treated with dupilumab","author":"S. St\u00e4nder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0270906.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2019.3626","article-title":"Early onset of alopecia areata after dupilumab introduction in a patient with atopic dermatitis","volume":"29","author":"C. Barbarin","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0270906.ref033","article-title":"Reactivation of Alopecia Areata After Dupilumab Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis","author":"J.M. Carnicle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270906.ref034","first-page":"e159","article-title":"Inflammatory alopecia in patients on dupilumab: a retrospective cohort study at an academic institution","volume":"34","author":"G.A. Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270906.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.10.010","article-title":"Drug-induced alopecia after dupilumab therapy","volume":"5","author":"K. Flanagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAAD case reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0270906.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13023","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13023","article-title":"Dupilumab and alopecia: A Janus effect","volume":"32","author":"C. Patruno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0270906.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00191","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3549","article-title":"Massive Acute Alopecia of the Scalp in a Patient Treated with Dupilumab","volume":"100","author":"R. Gallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0270906.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e332","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14880","article-title":"Case of alopecia areata during dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis","volume":"46","author":"N. Kanda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0270906.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.03.016","article-title":"Recalcitrant prurigo nodularis treated successfully with dupilumab","volume":"5","author":"P.H. Rambhia","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAD case reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270906.ref040","first-page":"e41","article-title":"Dermatitis and alopecia in a patient treated with dupilumab: a new adverse effect?","volume":"44","author":"I. Salg\u00fcero-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0270906.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0542-7","article-title":"The Changing Landscape of Alopecia Areata: The Therapeutic Paradigm","volume":"34","author":"Y. Renert-Yuval","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0270906.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2016.1188076","article-title":", A novel therapeutic paradigm for patients with extensive alopecia areata","volume":"16","author":"Y. Renert-Yuval","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0270906.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2017.71422","article-title":"The effect of omalizumab treatment on IgE and other immunoglobulin levels in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and its association with treatment response","volume":"35","author":"S. \u00c7ilda\u011f","year":"2018","journal-title":"Postepy dermatologii i alergologii"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270906.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000442668","article-title":"Influence of Omalizumab on Allergen-Specific IgE in Patients with Adult Asthma","volume":"168","author":"H. Mizuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270906.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15071","article-title":"Phase 2a randomized clinical trial of dupilumab (anti-IL-4R\u03b1) for alopecia areata patients","volume":"77","author":"E. Guttman-Yassky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.131076","article-title":"Total serum immunoglobulin E in patients with alopecia areata","volume":"5","author":"O.A. Bakry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian dermatology online journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270906.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-020-00234-y","article-title":"Serum IgE reduction and paradoxical eosinophilia associated with allergic conjunctivitis after dupilumab therapy","volume":"11","author":"A. Kimura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.01.025","article-title":"Association between hypereosinophilia and alopecia","volume":"113","author":"D.H. Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0270906.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.3049","article-title":"Autoimmune, atopic, and mental health comorbid conditions associated with alopecia areata in the United States","volume":"149","author":"K.P. Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0270906.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4274\/jtad.galenos.2021.46220","article-title":"Immunoglobulin E and Serum Interleukin-4 in Patients with Alopecia Areata and Its Correlation to the Severity of the Disease","volume":"15","author":"R. El-Latif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Turkish Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270906.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2017.10.007","article-title":"Race and Alopecia Areata amongst US Women","volume":"19","author":"J.M. Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"pone.0270906.ref052","article-title":"Cause or Cure? Review of Dupilumab and Alopecia Areata","author":"D.H. Marks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0270906.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02699.x","article-title":"Alopecia areata in Turkey: demographic and clinical features","volume":"22","author":"A. Kavak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0270906.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02956.x","article-title":"Alopecia areata prevalence by gender and age","volume":"23","author":"K.P. Kyriakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270906.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.04.031","article-title":"History of atopy or autoimmunity increases risk of alopecia areata","volume":"61","author":"N. Barahmani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0270906.ref056","first-page":"81","article-title":"Alopecia areata\u2014pattern in industrial city of Baroda","volume":"69","author":"S. Jain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0270906.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1992.tb03932.x","article-title":"Profile of alopecia areata: a questionnaire analysis of patient and family","volume":"31","author":"W.V. Shellow","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270906.ref058","first-page":"409","article-title":"Gender differences in alopecia areata","volume":"13","author":"M. Lundin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0270906.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ailsci.2021.100005","article-title":"Signal Detection in Pharmacovigilance: A Review of Informatics-driven Approaches for the Discovery of Drug-Drug Interaction Signals in Different Data Sources","volume":"1","author":"H. Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in the Life Sciences"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T17:35:56Z","timestamp":1658943356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270906"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Feroze","family":"Kaliyadan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0270906","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]}}}