{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:45:28Z","timestamp":1780465528217,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ECOMORE 2 project"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011061","name":"Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant n\u00b0 CZZ 2146 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant n\u00b0 CZZ 2146 01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In Lao PDR, dengue fever is the most important vector borne disease and vector control remains the principal method to fight against <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> the primary transmitter mosquito species. Vector control management programs need new strategies in addition to conventional larviciding and adulticiding interventions in the country. In this study, we examined the In2Care\u00ae Mosquito Trap\u2019s efficacy using insecticide auto-dissemination strategy. The insecticide pyriproxyfen, present in powder form inside the trap station, contaminates the body of gravid female mosquitoes visiting the traps and is later on disseminated via the mosquitoes in breeding sites surrounding the traps. We tested the attractiveness of the Traps, their efficacy to reduce the larval and adult abundance, and the impact on emergence rates. Specifically, we tested if the servicing interval of the In2Care\u00ae Mosquito Trap could be extended to 12 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two black plastic ovitrap buckets and two BG\u00ae sentinel traps were placed in the premises of the Science campus of Vientiane Capital located in an urban area to measure weekly the larval and adult relative abundance of <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes from 2017 to 2019. Twenty-five In2Care\u00ae Mosquito Traps were evenly distributed in this area and two studies of 12 weeks were implemented during January and April 2018 and, July to October 2018 (dry and rainy season, respectively). Every 2 weeks, water samples from 5 In2Care\u00ae Traps were randomly selected and tested at the laboratory with <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> larvae to measure the larval and pupal mortality. The relative abundance of <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes in the BG traps\u00ae with the presence of In2Care\u00ae Traps in 2018, was compared with the surveillance results obtained in 2017 and 2019 without In2Care\u00ae Traps. Every week, water samples from the ovitrap buckets were tested for Emergence Inhibition (EI).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The In2Care\u00ae Traps were very attractive to gravid <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes specifically during the rainy seasons with 96% of the traps colonized with larvae\/pupae within four weeks. The bioassays showed 100% mortality in the water samples from the traps during the twelve weeks studies showing the good efficacy over time of the pyriproxyfen without additional servicing in the 12 week period. In addition, the larvicide was successfully disseminated into the ovitrap buckets placed in the treated area where 100% of EI during all weeks of intervention was measured. There was no significant effect of the treatment on adult abundance reduction in the treated area, probably due to recolonization of adult mosquitoes surrounding the field experiment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The observed potential of the In2Care\u00ae Mosquito Trap using the auto-dissemination strategy could lead to the use of this new tool in combination with conventional control methods against Dengue vectors in urban tropical areas. Large scale field trials should be implemented in Lao PDR to prove its efficacy for Public Health programs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T17:44:27Z","timestamp":1656697467000},"page":"e0270987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Small-scale field assessment against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti using the auto-dissemination approach in an urban area of Vientiane, Lao PDR"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Phoutmany","family":"Thammavong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phonesavanh","family":"Luangamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nothasine","family":"Phommavanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaekey","family":"Vungkyly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somphat","family":"Nilaxay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaithong","family":"Lakeomany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Grandadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0425-6228","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Marcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0270987.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3187-8","article-title":"Alternative insecticides for larval control of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Lao PDR: insecticide resistance and semi-field trial study","volume":"11","author":"S Marcombe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0270987.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007852","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007852","article-title":"Distribution of insecticide resistance and mechanisms involved in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti in Laos and implication for vector control","volume":"13","author":"S Marcombe","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0270987.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115569","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115569","article-title":"Co-Circulation of Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotypes in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR.","volume":"9","author":"M Lao","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0270987.ref004","unstructured":"WHO. Dengue situation update [Internet]. 2019. Available from: http:\/\/www.wpro.who.int\/emerging_diseases\/DengueSituationUpdates\/en\/"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0270987.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0206387","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206387","article-title":"Bionomics and insecticide resistance of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus in northern Lao PDR","volume":"13","author":"JAA Tangena","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0270987.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru139","article-title":"The hidden world of Asian tiger mosquitoes: immature Aedes albopictus (Skuse) dominate in rainwater corrugated extension spouts","volume":"108","author":"I Unlu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270987.ref007","first-page":"243","volume":"36","author":"T. 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Naturally Derived Insecticide Spinosad\u00ae Compatible with Insect Natural Enemies","volume":"13","author":"T Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biocontrol Science and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0270987.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X(2006)21[495:SANLAI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Spinosad: a new larvicide against insecticide-resistant mosquito larvae","volume":"21","author":"F Darriet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0270987.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.6.1190","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of pyriproxyfen and spinosad, alone and in combination, against Aedes aegypti larvae","volume":"43","author":"F Darriet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of medical 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