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Forty-eight studies comprising 493,630 individuals were included. Older age (OR: 1.82; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), female sex (OR: 1.56; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), other race (OR: 1.27; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), visual display terminal use (OR: 1.32; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), cataract surgery (OR: 1.80; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), contact lens wear (OR: 1.74; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), pterygium (OR: 1.85; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.014), glaucoma (OR: 1.77; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007), eye surgery (OR: 1.65; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), depression (OR: 1.83; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 1.65; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), sleep apnea (OR: 1.57; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003), asthma (OR: 1.43; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), allergy (OR: 1.38; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.12; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.15; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.019), cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.20; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), stroke (OR: 1.32; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), rosacea (OR: 1.99; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), thyroid disease (OR: 1.60; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), gout (OR: 1.40; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), migraines (OR: 1.53; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), arthritis (OR: 1.76; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), osteoporosis (OR: 1.36; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.030), tumor (OR: 1.46; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), eczema (OR: 1.30; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), and systemic disease (OR: 1.45; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007) were associated with an increased risk of dry eye syndrome. This study reported risk factors for dry eye syndrome, and identified patients at high risk for dry eye syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T17:25:58Z","timestamp":1660929958000},"page":"e0271267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Identified risk factors for dry eye syndrome: A systematic review and 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