{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:07:13Z","timestamp":1740146833853,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TTU 02.804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTU 02.804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The AID line probe assay has shown promising evaluation data on the detection of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> as well as 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>- and 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>-line drug resistance, using isolates and selected clinical samples in previous studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The diagnostic performance of three AID-modules (AID INH\/RIF, AID FQ\/EMB and AID AG) was analyzed in sputum samples from patients with presumed tuberculosis against culture methods and phenotypic drug resistance as reference standards.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>59 patients had culture-confirmed tuberculosis. All AID modules showed moderate sensitivity (46\/59, 78.0%, 65.3\u201387.7) and very good specificity (100%, 95.5%, 93.7%). There was a high proportion of invalid tests, resulting in 32.6%, 78.3% and 19.6% of 46 AID-positive tuberculosis cases, who could not be assessed for drug resistance by the AID INH\/RIF-, AID FQ\/EM- and AID AG-module, respectively. A small number of patients showed drug resistance by reference standards: Three MDR-TB cases plus three, one and one patients with resistance to streptomycin, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, respectively. The AID-assay detected all MDR-TB cases, two of three streptomycin-resistant TB cases, one of one of fluoroquinolone-resistant and missed one aminoglycoside-resistant TB case.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The high proportion of invalid results precludes the use of the AID-assay from direct sputum-based tuberculosis and drug-resistance testing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T17:35:56Z","timestamp":1660152956000},"page":"e0271297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic performance of the AID line probe assay in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in Romanian patients with presumed TB"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4729-3405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Rachow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elmar","family":"Saathoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Mindru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doinita","family":"Lugoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Merker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Niemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana D.","family":"Olaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Kastner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hoelscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elmira","family":"Ibraim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0271297.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. The top 10 causes of death. https:\/\/wwwwhoint\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death. 2021."},{"volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020","year":"2020","author":"WHO","key":"pone.0271297.ref002"},{"key":"pone.0271297.ref003","unstructured":"WHO. Tuberculosis profile: Romania. https:\/\/worldhealthorgshinyappsio\/tb_profiles\/?_inputs_&entity_type=%22country%22&lan=%22EN%22&iso2=%22RO%22.2021."},{"key":"pone.0271297.ref004","unstructured":"WHO. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antibiotic-resistance. 2019."},{"volume-title":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: diagnosis\u2014rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection","year":"2020","author":"WHO","key":"pone.0271297.ref005"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0271297.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02597-13","article-title":"Evaluation of the AID TB resistance line probe assay for rapid detection of genetic alterations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains","volume":"52","author":"C Ritter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0271297.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.09.010","article-title":"AID TB resistance line probe assay for rapid detection of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples","volume":"70","author":"B Molina-Moya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"pone.0271297.ref008","first-page":"198620","volume-title":"Public Health Mycobacteriology: A Guide for the Level III Laboratory","author":"G. P. Kent PTK","year":"1985"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0271297.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2563-2567.2000","article-title":"Stability of IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in actual chains of transmission","volume":"38","author":"S Niemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"volume-title":"Technical manual for drug susceptibility testing of medicines used in the treatment of tuberculosis","year":"2018","author":"WHO","key":"pone.0271297.ref010"},{"journal-title":"Technical Report on critical concentrations for drug susceptibility testing of medicines used in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis","year":"2018","author":"WHO","key":"pone.0271297.ref011"},{"key":"pone.0271297.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5895","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5895","article-title":"MTBseq: a comprehensive pipeline for whole genome sequence analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates","volume":"6","author":"TA Kohl","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"pone.0271297.ref013","unstructured":"WHO F. Technical guide on next-generation sequencing technologies for the detectin of mutations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. https:\/\/wwwwhoint\/tb\/publications\/2018\/WHO_technical_guide_nextgen_sequencing\/en\/. 2018."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0271297.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136242","article-title":"A simple, valid, numerical score for grading chest x-ray severity in adult smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"65","author":"AP Ralph","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0271297.ref015","first-page":"CD010705","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of the GenoType((R)) MTBDRsl assay for the detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs","author":"G Theron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271297.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01075-2016","article-title":"Accuracy of line probe assays for the diagnosis of pulmonary and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"RR Nathavitharana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271297.ref017","first-page":"CD009593","article-title":"Xpert(R) MTB\/RIF assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults","author":"KR Steingart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T17:36:23Z","timestamp":1660152983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271297"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271297","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]}}}