{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:53:04Z","timestamp":1792788784345,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-008483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-008483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010434","name":"\u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-008483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-008483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DST\/NRF South African Research Chairs Initiative Grant","award":["UID 64763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID 64763"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009187","name":"Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T041986\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T041986\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009187","name":"Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/R015600\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R015600\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The \u201cMagude project\u201d aimed but failed to interrupt local malaria transmission in Magude district, southern Mozambique, by using a comprehensive package of interventions, including indoor residual spraying (IRS), pyrethroid-only long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) and mass-drug administration (MDA). Here we present detailed information on the vector species that sustained malaria transmission, their association with malaria incidence and behaviors, and their amenability to the implemented control interventions. Mosquitoes were collected monthly between May 2015 and October 2017 in six sentinel sites in Magude district, using CDC light traps both indoors and outdoors.\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the main vector during the project, while\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>funestus s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .,\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>merus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>parensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>squamosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    likely played a secondary role. The latter two species have never previously been found positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in southern Mozambique. The intervention package successfully reduced vector sporozoite rates in all species throughout the project. IRS was effective in controlling\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>funestus s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                    . and\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>parensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which virtually disappeared after its first implementation, but less effective at controlling\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Despite suboptimal use, LLINs likely provided significant protection against\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>merus<\/jats:italic>\n                    that sought their host largely indoors when people where in bed. Adding IRS on top of LLINs and MDA likely added value to the control of malaria vectors during the Magude project. Future malaria elimination attempts in the area could benefit from i) increasing the use of LLINs, ii) using longer-lasting IRS products to counteract the increase in vector densities observed towards the end of the high transmission season, and iii) a higher coverage with MDA to reduce the likelihood of human infection. However, additional interventions targeting vectors that survive IRS and LLINs by biting outdoors or indoors before people go to bed, will be likely needed to achieve local malaria elimination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T16:29:07Z","timestamp":1662740947000},"page":"e0271427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The mosquito vectors that sustained malaria transmission during the Magude project despite the combined deployment of indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated nets and mass-drug administration"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6764-6592","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Montoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Mart\u00ed-Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"M\u00e1quina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiba","family":"Comiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inocencia","family":"Cuamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso","family":"Alafo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4236-6345","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lizette L.","family":"Koekemoer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8317-7992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ellie","family":"Sherrard-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quique","family":"Bassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Galatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Aide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Cuamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dulcisaria","family":"Jotamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Sa\u00fate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krijn P.","family":"Paaijmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0271427.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","article-title":"The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref002","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report 2020. WHO. doi:ISBN 978 92 4 1564403."},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref003","volume-title":"Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan for South Africa 2019\u20132023","author":"Ministry of Health of South Africa","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03699-x","article-title":"Malaria in Eswatini, 2012\u20132019: a case study of the elimination effort","volume":"20","author":"TE Nkya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref005","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report. 2021. doi:ISBN 9789240040496."},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1470-8","article-title":"Towards malaria elimination in the MOSASWA (Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland) region","volume":"15","author":"D Moonasar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref007","volume-title":"A malaria em Mo\u00e7ambique","author":"J Schwalbach","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271427.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.42","article-title":"Seven years of regional malaria control collaboration\u2014Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland","volume":"76","author":"BL Sharp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2832-9","article-title":"Setting the scene and generating evidence for malaria elimination in Southern Mozambique","volume":"18","author":"P Aide","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1453-9","article-title":"Sustaining control: Lessons from the Lubombo spatial development initiative in Southern Africa","volume":"15","author":"R Maharaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref011","unstructured":"Republica de Mocambique. Ministerio a Saude. Programa Nacional de Controlo da Malaria. Plano Estrategico da Malaria 2017\u20132022. 2017; 118."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0271427.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003227","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003227","article-title":"A multiphase program for malaria elimination in southern Mozambique (the Magude project): A before-after study","volume":"17","author":"B Galatas","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e033985","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033985","article-title":"Demographic and health community-based surveys to inform a malaria elimination project in Magude district, southern Mozambique","volume":"10","author":"B Galatas","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref014","article-title":"The realized efficacy of indoor residual spraying campaigns falls quickly below the recommended WHO threshold when coverage, pace of spraying and residual efficacy on different wall types are considered","author":"L Fern\u00e1ndez Montoya","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref015","article-title":"An evaluation of LLIN ownership, access, and use during the Magude project in southern Mozambique","author":"L Fern\u00e1ndez Montoya","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref016","article-title":"Overlaying human and mosquito behavioral data to estimate residual exposure to host-seeking mosquitoes and the protection of bednets in a malaria elimination setting where indoor residual spraying and nets were deployed together","author":"L Fern\u00e1ndez Montoya","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04217-9","article-title":"First confirmed occurrence of the yellow fever virus and dengue virus vector Aedes (Stegomyia) luteocephalus (Newstead, 1907) in Mozambique","volume":"13","author":"AP Ab\u00edlio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0271427.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0192110","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192110","article-title":"Evidence for chikungunya and dengue transmission in Quelimane, Mozambique: Results from an investigation of a potential outbreak of chikungunya virus","volume":"13","author":"VA Mugabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref019","first-page":"63","article-title":"A Supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara","volume":"55","author":"MT Gillies","year":"1987","journal-title":"Publ South African Inst Med Res"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.804","article-title":"A cocktail polymerase chain reaction assay to identify members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group","volume":"6","author":"LL Koekemoer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.520","article-title":"Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"49","author":"JA Scott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.1048","article-title":"Identification of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"34","author":"RA Wirtz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref023","volume-title":"Inqu\u00e9rito Nacional sobre Indicadores de Mal\u00e1ria em Mo\u00e7ambique 2018","author":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS) e ICF","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-3","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in adults in a rural area of southern Mozambique","volume":"6","author":"A Mayor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150066","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2015.66","article-title":"The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations\u2014A new environmental record for monitoring extremes","volume":"2","author":"C Funk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref026","first-page":"57","article-title":"A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898\u20132016","volume":"2","author":"D Kyalo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Peer Rev Discuss this Artic"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref027","unstructured":"WHO. Report of the Sixteenth WHOPES Working Group Meeting. WHO\/HQ, Geneva 22\u201330 July 2013. Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme. 2013."},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-378","article-title":"Implications of bio-efficacy and persistence of insecticides when indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide nets are combined for malaria prevention","volume":"11","author":"FO Okumu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07357-w","article-title":"Systematic review of indoor residual spray efficacy and effectiveness against Plasmodium falciparum in Africa","volume":"9","author":"E Sherrard-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0271427.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00228.x","article-title":"Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus are equally important vectors of malaria in Matola coastal suburb of Maputo, southern Mozambique","volume":"14","author":"C Mendis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0271427.ref031","first-page":"157","article-title":"The role of Anopheles merus in malaria transmission in an area of southern Mozambique","volume":"46","author":"N Cuamba","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0271427.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw091","article-title":"Detection of plasmodium falciparum infection in anopheles squamosus (diptera: Culicidae) in an area targeted for malaria elimination, Southern Zambia","volume":"53","author":"JC Stevenson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2889-5","article-title":"Anopheles parensis contributes to residual malaria transmission in South Africa","volume":"18","author":"A Burke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43779","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43779","article-title":"A new malaria vector mosquito in South Africa","volume":"7","author":"A Burke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90054-8","article-title":"Susceptibility of Anopheles quadriannulatus theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) to Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"93","author":"W Takken","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.10.010","article-title":"Bionomics of malaria vectors and relationship with malaria transmission and epidemiology in three physiographic zones in the Senegal River Basin","volume":"105","author":"I Dia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-314","article-title":"Patterns and seasonality of malaria transmission in the forest-savannah transitional zones of Ghana","volume":"9","author":"DB Dery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref038","first-page":"159","article-title":"Natural malaria infection in Anopheles rufipes (Gough)","volume":"50","author":"HM Gelfand","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1933-3","article-title":"Role of Anopheles (Cellia) rufipes (Gough, 1910) and other local anophelines in human malaria transmission in the northern savannah of Cameroon: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"10","author":"RN Tabue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-212","article-title":"Characterization of malaria transmission by vector populations for improved interventions during the dry season in the Kpone-on-Sea area of coastal Ghana","volume":"5","author":"DP Tchouassi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref041","first-page":"112","article-title":"Anopheles rufipes remains a Potential Malaria Vector after the First Detection of Infected Specimens in 1960 in Burkina Faso","volume":"1","author":"DF Da","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"Special","key":"pone.0271427.ref042","first-page":"643","article-title":"Secondary vectors of human malaria in Africa","volume":"21","author":"J Hamon","year":"1961","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref043","unstructured":"Holstein M. Un nouveau vecteur du paludisme en A.O.F.: Anopheles rufipes Gough 1910. SGHMP. 1949; 7."},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0562","article-title":"Molecular characterization reveals diverse and unknown malaria vectors in the western Kenyan highlands","volume":"94","author":"BS Laurent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2005)042[0180:ECOMTI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Entomological characteristics of malaria transmission in Manhi\u00e7a, a rural area in southern Mozambique","volume":"42","author":"C Aranda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-79","article-title":"Evidence for perennial malaria in rural and urban areas under the Sudanian climate of Kandi, Northeastern Benin","volume":"7","author":"R Govoetchan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-1004-9","article-title":"Malaria case in Madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, Anopheles coustani","volume":"14","author":"TNJJ Nepomichene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0082","article-title":"Unexpected anthropophily in the potential secondary malaria vectors Anopheles coustani s.l. and Anopheles squamosus in Macha, Zambia","volume":"11","author":"CM Fornadel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17952","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17952","article-title":"Unexpected diversity of Anopheles species in Eastern Zambia: Implications for evaluating vector behavior and interventions using molecular tools","volume":"5","author":"NF Lobo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-76","article-title":"Blood meal sources and entomological inoculation rates of anophelines along a highland altitudinal transect in south-central Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"A Animut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1199-4","article-title":"Malaria incidence and entomological findings in an area targeted for a cluster-randomized controlled trial to prevent malaria in Ethiopia: Results from a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"T Gari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref052","first-page":"774","article-title":"Evaluation of Potential Role of Anopheles ziemanni in Malaria Transmission in Western Kenya","volume":"43","author":"L Kamau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-262","article-title":"Anopheles ziemanni a locally important malaria vector in Ndop health district, north west region of Cameroon","volume":"7","author":"RN Tabue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-230","article-title":"Reconsideration of Anopheles rivulorum as a vector of Plasmodium falciparum in western Kenya: Some evidence from biting time, blood preference, sporozoite positive rate, and pyrethroid resistance","volume":"5","author":"H Kawada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00092.x","article-title":"Anopheles rivulorum, a vector of human malaria in Africa","volume":"10","author":"TJ Wilkes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0020","article-title":"Editorial news from Africa: Novel anopheline species transmit plasmodium in western Kenya","volume":"94","author":"JE Conn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.04.009","article-title":"Identification of four members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group and their role in Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Bagamoyo coastal Tanzania","volume":"102","author":"EA Temu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0271427.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.260","article-title":"Restriction fragment length polymorphism method for the identification of major African and Asian malaria vectors within the Anopheles funestus and An. minimus groups","volume":"70","author":"C Garros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.6.1215","article-title":"Complexity of the Malaria Vectorial System in Cameroon: Contribution of Secondary Vectors to Malaria Transmission","volume":"43","author":"C Antonio-Nkondjio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01070.x","article-title":"Anopheles species of the mount Cameroon region: Biting habits, feeding behaviour and entomological inoculation rates","volume":"8","author":"S Wanji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-360","article-title":"Increased malaria transmission around irrigation schemes in Ethiopia and the potential of canal water management for malaria vector control","volume":"13","author":"S Kibret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2189-5","article-title":"The importance of morphological identification of African anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for malaria control programmes","volume":"17","author":"E Erlank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref063","article-title":"Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae from Mozambique","author":"S Casimiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0271427.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114125","article-title":"Malaria vectors and vector surveillance in Limpopo province (South Africa): 1927 to 2018","volume":"17","author":"L Braack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0271427.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00296-5","article-title":"Optimising the deployment of vector control tools against malaria: a data-informed modelling study","volume":"6","author":"E Sherrard-Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Heal"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30214-2","article-title":"Effect of long-lasting insecticidal nets with and without piperonyl butoxide on malaria indicators in Uganda (LLINEUP): a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial embedded in a national LLIN distribution campaign","volume":"395","author":"SG Staedke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03452-w","article-title":"Malaria vector species composition and entomological indices following indoor residual spraying in regions bordering Lake Victoria, Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"C Kakilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx169","article-title":"Population Dynamics and Plasmodium falciparum (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) Infectivity Rates for the Malaria Vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) at Mamfene, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"54","author":"LC Dandalo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813077","article-title":"Resting habits of Anopheles arabiensis in the Awash river valley of Ethiopia","volume":"90","author":"B Ameneshewa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-423","article-title":"First report of an exophilic Anopheles arabiensis population in Bissau City, Guinea-Bissau: Recent introduction or sampling bias?","volume":"13","author":"V Gordicho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-3001-x","article-title":"Decadal epidemiology of malaria in KwaZulu-Natal, a province in South Africa targeting elimination","volume":"18","author":"R Maharaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref072","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for Malaria Vector Control. Guidelines for Malaria Vector Control. 2019. Available: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/310862\/9789241550499-eng.pdf?ua=1%0Ahttp:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30844152."},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref073","unstructured":"WHO. WHO Guidelines for malaria. 2022 [cited 18 Feb 2022]. Available: https:\/\/app.magicapp.org\/#\/guideline\/6086."},{"key":"pone.0271427.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-195","article-title":"False positive circumsporozoite protein ELISA: A challenge for the estimation of the entomological inoculation rate of malaria and for vector incrimination","volume":"10","author":"L Durnez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T16:30:48Z","timestamp":1662741048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271427"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Basil","family":"Brooke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271427","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]}}}