{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T21:55:15Z","timestamp":1786571715669,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Propranolol hydrochloride is a beta-blocker used for the management and treatment of hypertension, angina, coronary artery disease, heart failure, fibrillation, tremors, migraine etc. The objective of the present study was to design Propranolol Hydrochloride floating tablets by direct compression method and to explore the role of a new gum as a matrix former. A 2<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>full factorial design was selected for the present study.<jats:italic>Prunus domestica<\/jats:italic>gum and HPMC (K4M) were used as independent variables, swelling index and drug dissolution at 12 hours as dependent variables. Formulations were subjected to pre- and post-compression tests that showed good micromeritics and buoyancy characteristics (Carr\u2019s index 11.76%\u201314.00%, Hausner\u2019s ratio 1.13\u00b0\u20131.16\u00b0, angle of repose 22.67\u00b0\u201325.21\u00b0, floating lag time 56\u201376 seconds, total floating time 18\u201325 hours and swelling index 59.87%\u2013139.66%). The cumulative drug release in 0.1 N HCl at 12 hours was 72%\u201390% (p&lt;0.05). Weibull model was found to be the best fit model (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>&gt;0.99) among all other studied models. Multiple regression showed a significant effect of<jats:italic>Prunus domestica<\/jats:italic>gum and HPMC K4M on the swelling index and dissolution profiles of propranolol HCl (p&lt;0.05). On the basis of better<jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic>performance and cost-effectiveness, formulation F4 was the best formulation. It is evident from the results that<jats:italic>Prunus domestica<\/jats:italic>gum possesses excellent drug release retardant potential for the floating drug delivery system and this new gum should be further explored alone or with other natural and synthetic polymers in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T17:42:41Z","timestamp":1661535761000},"page":"e0271442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of Prunus domestica gum on the release profiles of propranolol HCl floating tablets"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Salman","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3604-8068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Syed Muhammad","family":"Farid Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sikandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Nadeem ul Hasan","family":"Mohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fauzia","family":"Israr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Imran","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majeed","family":"ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouzia","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0271442.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.12.019","article-title":"Floating drug delivery system of itraconazole: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"49","author":"E G\u00f6kbulut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3-s","key":"pone.0271442.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v9i3-s.2945","article-title":"Floating Drug Delivery System: A comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"P Patil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271442.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2174\/2589977511666191121094520","article-title":"Oral Modified Drug Release Solid Dosage Form with Special Reference to Design; 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