{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:21:40Z","timestamp":1784730100024,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite HIV viral load (VL) monitoring being serial, most studies use a cross-sectional design to evaluate the virological status of a cohort. The objective of our study was to use a simplified approach to calculate viraemic-time: the proportion of follow-up time with unsuppressed VL above the limit of detection. We estimated risk factors for higher viraemic-time and whether viraemic-time predicted mortality in a second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) cohort in Myanmar.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who received second-line ART for a period &gt;6 months and who had at least two HIV VL test results between 01 January 2014 and 30 April 2018. Fractional logistic regression assessed risk factors for having higher viraemic-time and Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the association between viraemic-time and mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to illustrate survival probability for different viraemic-time categories.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 1,352 participants, 815 (60.3%) never experienced viraemia, and 172 (12.7%), 214 (15.8%), and 80 (5.9%) participants were viraemic &lt;20%, 20\u201349%, and 50\u201379% of their total follow-up time, respectively. Few (71; 5.3%) participants were \u226580% of their total follow-up time viraemic. The odds for having higher viraemic-time were higher among people with a history of injecting drug use (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.30\u20133.10, p = 0.002), sex workers (aOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.11\u20134.00, p = 0.02) and patients treated with lopinavir\/ritonavir (vs. atazanavir; aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12\u20132.10, p = 0.008). Viraemic-time was strongly associated with mortality hazard among those with 50\u201379% and \u226580% viraemic-time (aHR 2.92, 95% CI 1.21\u20137.10, p = 0.02 and aHR 2.71, 95% CI 1.22\u20136.01, p = 0.01). This association was not observed in those with viraemic-time &lt;50%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Key populations were at risk for having a higher viraemic-time on second-line ART. Viraemic-time predicts clinical outcomes. Differentiated services should target subgroups at risk for a higher viraemic-time to control both HIV transmission and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T17:37:55Z","timestamp":1659116275000},"page":"e0271910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Viraemic-time predicts mortality among people living with HIV on second-line antiretroviral treatment in Myanmar: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7541-6380","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anita","family":"Mesic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1205-1484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tom","family":"Decroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Htay Thet","family":"Mar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart K. M.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moe Pyae","family":"Thandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thin Thin","family":"Thwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aung Aung","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Sangma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Beversluis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elkin","family":"Bermudez-Aza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Spina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darli Po Po","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwan","family":"Piriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koert","family":"Ritmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefien","family":"Van Olmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Htun Nyunt","family":"Oo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutgarde","family":"Lynen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0271910.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)00016-3","article-title":"The need for second-line antiretroviral therapy in adults in sub-Saharan Africa up to 2030: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"3","author":"J Estill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref002","unstructured":"World Heatlh Organization. Consolidated Guidelines on The Use Of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating And Preventing HIV Infection Geneva: World Heatlh Organization; 2013 [cited 2021 May 25]; Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/arv2013\/download\/en\/."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0271910.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw001","article-title":"Scale-up of Routine Viral Load Testing in Resource-Poor Settings: Current and Future Implementation Challenges","volume":"62","author":"T Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271910.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002313","article-title":"Increased Mortality With Delayed and Missed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa","volume":"84","author":"H Bell Gorrod","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0271910.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161469","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161469","article-title":"Marginal Structural Models to Assess Delays in Second-Line HIV Treatment Initiation in South Africa","volume":"11","author":"JK Rohr","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0271910.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25415\u2013e","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25415","article-title":"HIV viral resuppression following an elevated viral load: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"N Ford","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref007","volume-title":"Global AIDS Update. Seizing the moment.Tackling entrenched inequalities to end epidemics","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0271910.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002825","article-title":"Time spent with HIV-RNA <\/ = 200 copies\/ml in a cohort of people with HIV during the U = U era","volume":"35","author":"G Madeddu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aids"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0271910.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5148","article-title":"Sexual Activity Without Condoms and Risk of HIV Transmission in Serodifferent Couples When the HIV-Positive Partner Is Using Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"316","author":"AJ Rodger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0271910.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105243","article-title":"Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy","volume":"365","author":"MS Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10189","key":"pone.0271910.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30418-0","article-title":"Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study","volume":"393","author":"AJ Rodger","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0271910.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30132-2","article-title":"Viral suppression and HIV transmission in serodiscordant male couples: an international, prospective, observational, cohort study","volume":"5","author":"BR Bavinton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref013","volume-title":"Public Health and HIV Viral Load Supression","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref014","unstructured":"National AIDS Programme. Ministry of Health and Sports Myanmar. Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey & Populaion Size Estimates among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) 2017\u20132018. Naypyidaw: Ministry of Health and Sports Myanmar; 2018 [cited 2021 May 25]; Available from: https:\/\/www.aidsdatahub.org\/sites\/default\/files\/highlight-reference\/document\/Myanmar_IBBS_and_Population_size_estimates_among_PWID_2017-2018.pdf."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0271910.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e032678","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032678","article-title":"Uptake of routine viral load testing among people living with HIV and its implementation challenges in Yangon region of Myanmar: a mixed-methods study","volume":"9","author":"KK Thinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271910.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.10.003","article-title":"Fifteen years of HIV Protease Inhibitors: raising the barrier to resistance","volume":"85","author":"AM Wensing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271910.ref017","first-page":"56","article-title":"Genetic barrier to resistance for dolutegravir","volume":"17","author":"JM Llibre","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0271910.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp347","article-title":"Copy-years viremia as a measure of cumulative human immunodeficiency virus viral burden","volume":"171","author":"SR Cole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir526","article-title":"Viremia Copy-Years Predicts Mortality Among Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"53","author":"M Mugavero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271910.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv303","article-title":"Reevaluating Cumulative HIV-1 Viral Load as a Prognostic Predictor: Predicting Opportunistic Infection Incidence and Mortality in a Ugandan Cohort","volume":"184","author":"JB Sempa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0271910.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70309-7","article-title":"Is operational research delivering the goods? The journey to success in low-income countries","volume":"12","author":"R Zachariah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref022","unstructured":"National AIDS Programme. Department of Health, Ministry of Health Myanmar. Guidelines for the Clinical Management of HIV Infection in Myanmar. Naypyidaw: Ministry of Health and Sports Myanmar; 2014 [cited 2021 May 25]; Fourth Edition: Available from: https:\/\/www.aidsdatahub.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/myanmar-guidelines-clinical-management-hiv-infection-2014.pdf."},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref023","volume-title":"Catalogue of Bias","author":"H Lee","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref024","volume-title":"MSF Ethics Review Board Standard Operating Procedures","author":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-4-11","article-title":"Predictors of disease progression in HIV infection: a review","volume":"4","author":"SE Langford","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0271910.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062360","article-title":"CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment","volume":"355","author":"WM El-Sadr","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref027","first-page":"91","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy interruptions: impact on HIV treatment and transmission","volume":"10","author":"G Dubrocq","year":"2018","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS (Auckland, NZ)"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0271910.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421303","article-title":"Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group","volume":"342","author":"TC Quinn","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0271910.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832b7dca","article-title":"Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"S Attia","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.08.004","article-title":"HIV-1 heterosexual transmission and association with sexually transmitted infections in the era of treatment as prevention","volume":"87","author":"MGd Melo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0271910.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000640","article-title":"Time above 1500 copies: a viral load measure for assessing transmission risk of HIV-positive patients in care","volume":"29","author":"G Marks","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref032","volume-title":"Updated recommendations on HIV prevention, infant diagnosis, antiretroviral initiation and monitoring","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref033","article-title":"All-Cause Mortality and Serious Non-AIDS Events in Adults with Low-Level HIV Viremia during Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Results from a Swedish Nationwide Observational Study","author":"O Elvstam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0271910.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30681-3","article-title":"Effect of HIV-1 low-level viraemia during antiretroviral therapy on treatment outcomes in WHO-guided South African treatment programmes: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"18","author":"LE Hermans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271910.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00336-0","article-title":"Predictors of virological failure among people living with HIV receiving first line antiretroviral treatment in Myanmar: retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"18","author":"A Mesic","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271910.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1086\/599313","article-title":"Cumulative HIV viremia during highly active antiretroviral therapy is a strong predictor of AIDS-related lymphoma","volume":"200","author":"A Zoufaly","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0271910.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017956","article-title":"Cumulative Viral Load and Virologic Decay Patterns after Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Subjects Influence CD4 Recovery and AIDS","volume":"6","author":"VC Marconi","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271910.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000125","article-title":"Determinants of viremia copy-years in people with HIV\/AIDS after initiation of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"66","author":"ST Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1999)"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0271910.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1086\/652751","article-title":"Inflammation and complications of HIV disease","volume":"201","author":"MP Dub\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0271910.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00003","article-title":"Risk for opportunistic disease and death after reinitiating continuous antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV previously receiving episodic therapy: a randomized trial","volume":"149","author":"WM El-Sadr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0271910.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328351f5b2","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"O Ajose","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0271910.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0220159\u2013e","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220159","article-title":"Second-line HIV treatment failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"D Edessa","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0271910.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e433","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30109-1","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of second-line antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"S Kanters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref044","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021\u2014Accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016\u20132021: Actions for impact. Geneva2021 [cited 2021 May 25]; Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240027077."},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref045","volume-title":"2019 Global AIDS Update. Communities at the Center","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref046","volume-title":"Differentiated service delivery for key populations\u2014men who have sex with men, sex workers, transgender people, people who inject drugs and prisoners and other people living in closed settings: A background review","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref047","volume-title":"Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Care for for Key Populations","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0271910.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00097-18","article-title":"Point-of-Care HIV Viral Load Testing: an Essential Tool for a Sustainable Global HIV\/AIDS Response","volume":"32","author":"PK Drain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0271910.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e750","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30228-0","article-title":"Implementation of an intensive adherence intervention in patients with second-line antiretroviral therapy failure in four west African countries with little access to genotypic resistance testing: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"SP Eholie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0271910.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25501","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25501","article-title":"Drug level testing as a strategy to determine eligibility for drug resistance testing after failure of ART: a retrospective analysis of South African adult patients on second-line ART","volume":"23","author":"LE Hermans","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0271910.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002234","article-title":"Simplifying switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in sub Saharan Africa: predicted effect of using a single viral load to define efavirenz-based first-line failure","volume":"33","author":"A Shroufi","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0271910.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu1167","article-title":"Boosted lopinavir- versus boosted atazanavir-containing regimens and immunologic, virologic, and clinical outcomes: a prospective study of HIV-infected individuals in high-income countries","volume":"60","author":"HIV-Causal Collaboration","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-7-3-69","article-title":"Genetic Barriers to Resistance and Impact on Clinical Response","volume":"7","author":"A. Luber","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"pone.0271910.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit107","article-title":"Emergence of HIV drug resistance during first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings","volume":"207","author":"MC Hosseinipour","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0271910.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00536-8","article-title":"Global epidemiology of drug resistance after failure of WHO recommended first-line regimens for adult HIV-1 infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"TenoRes Study Group","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104552","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir-based regimens in advanced HIV-infected na\u00efve patients: results from a multicenter cohort study","volume":"169","author":"B Rossetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0271910.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0236-0","article-title":"Positioning of darunavir\/cobicistat-containing antiretroviral regimens in real life: results from a large multicentre observational prospective cohort (SCOLTA)","volume":"16","author":"L Taramasso","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0271910.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0222229-e","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222229","article-title":"Dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy compared to other combined antiretroviral regimens for the treatment of HIV-infected naive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"M Cruciani","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0271910.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2021.0089","article-title":"Durability of Dolutegravir-Based Regimens: A 5-Year Prospective Observational Study","volume":"35","author":"L Taramasso","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care and STDs"},{"key":"pone.0271910.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2019.08.008","article-title":"Bias in the estimation of cumulative viremia in cohort studies of HIV-infected individuals","volume":"38","author":"M Lesosky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299460","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T17:38:55Z","timestamp":1659116335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271910"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Giordano","family":"Madeddu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271910","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299460","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]}}}