{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T16:33:29Z","timestamp":1771518809065,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021R1H1A2093767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1H1A2093767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present study was to reveal the associations between skeletal and soft tissue features of the nasomaxillary complex and development and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adolescents. A total of 100 adolescents (mean age, 14.9 \u00b1 1.4 years; age range, 13\u201317 years) were enrolled. All participants underwent full-night polysomnography and had an assessment of size and position of the tongue, tonsillar size, body mass index (BMI), and circumference of the waist, neck, and hip. The skeletal features of the nasomaxillary complex, including the zygomatic arch width, nasal cavity width, nasal base width, intercanine width, intermolar width, maxillary dental arch length, palatal vault angle, palatal depth, and SNA were measured on the three-dimensional images constructed with computed tomography data. Participants with an apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) of lower than 5 (AHI \u2264 5) were classified as control and participants while those with an AHI of greater than 5 were classified as OSA group. Each variable with a significant outcome in the independent T-test and age and sex factors were integrated into the multivariate linear regression and the dependent variable was AHI. There were significant differences in the BMI and hip circumference between two groups. The width of nasal base, palatal vault angle and SNA also showed significant differences between groups. The results from multivariate linear regression demonstrated that the BMI, width of the nasal base, and SNA showed significant contributions to the severity of OSA in adolescents. The features of the nasomaxillary complex seemed to have significant influences on development and severity of OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T17:47:04Z","timestamp":1659635224000},"page":"e0272262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Obstructive sleep apnea and anatomical structures of the nasomaxillary complex in adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7124-8693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeong-Hyun","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3134-0142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9504-6471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seung Il","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0272262.ref001","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine: International classification of sleep disorder"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0272262.ref002","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Sleep apnea as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality: the Busselton Health Study","volume":"31","author":"NS Marshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0272262.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00107805","article-title":"Increased incidence of coronary artery disease in sleep apnoea: a long-term follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Y Peker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0272262.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043104","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death","volume":"353","author":"HK Yaggi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0272262.ref005","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort","volume":"31","author":"T Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0272262.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.12.003","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep disordered breathing in pediatric populations: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"K Sedky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0272262.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e022427","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022427","article-title":"Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease in Children and Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"10","author":"CM Baker-Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0272262.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20130924-09","article-title":"Childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review of the 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines","volume":"42","author":"I. 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