{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T09:36:50Z","timestamp":1768815410018,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elderly long-term care residents (ELTCRs) face considerable burden of infection, especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nutritional status of the host can influence susceptibility to infection by altering immune system integrity, therefore, nutrition-based interventions may be a viable complement to existing infection prevention measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This scoping review sought to identify nutritional interventions and factors that have the strongest evidence to benefit ELTCRs, and thus best poised for rigorous clinical trial evaluation and subsequent implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A database search of OVID-Medline, OVID-Embase, and Web of Science was performed from 2011 to 2021 to identify nutritional intervention studies which attribute to changes in infection in contemporary ELTCR settings. Articles were screened in duplicate and data extraction completed by a single reviewer, while a second reviewer verified the data which was fitted to identify evidence for nutritional interventions related to reducing rates of infection among ELTCRs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search identified 1018 studies, of which 11 (nine clinical trials and two observational cohort studies) satisfied screening criteria. Interventions that significantly reduced risk of infection included whey protein (any infection), Black Chokeberry (urinary tract infection), and vitamin D (acute respiratory tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection). Both zinc and a dedicated meal-plan significantly improved lymphocyte parameters. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the development of respiratory tract infections. Probiotic and soy-based protein interventions did not significantly affect risk of infection or lymphocyte parameters, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec005\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current scoping review was effective in identifying the use of nutrition-based interventions for infection prevention among ELTCRs. In this study, some nutrition-based interventions were observed to significantly influence the risk of infection among ELTCRs. Nutritional interventions such as vitamin D (preventing deficiency\/insufficiency), Black Chokeberry juice, zinc gluconate, whey protein, and varied and nutrient dense meal plans may be suitable for future rigorous clinical trial evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T19:17:05Z","timestamp":1659467825000},"page":"e0272513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Contemporary nutrition-based interventions to reduce risk of infection among elderly long-term care residents: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Psihogios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Madampage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6297-4298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brent E.","family":"Faught","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0272513.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1236-6","article-title":"The burden of respiratory infections among older adults in long-term care: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"A Childs","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0272513.ref002","first-page":"33","article-title":"Urinary Tract Infections in Older Adults Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities","volume":"20","author":"L Genao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Longterm Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0272513.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16194","article-title":"Sepsis in Older Adults in Long-Term Care Facilities: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management","volume":"67","author":"TT Yoshikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0272513.ref004","article-title":"High impact of COVID-19 in long-term care facilities, suggestion for monitoring in the EU\/EEA, May 2020","volume":"25","author":"EPHE Team","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0272513.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2015957","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15957","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated With Mortality Among Residents With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Long-term Care Facilities in Ontario, Canada","volume":"3","author":"DN Fisman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10270","key":"pone.0272513.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00083-0","article-title":"COVID-19 highlights Canada\u2019s care home crisis","volume":"397","author":"P. 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