{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:54:52Z","timestamp":1780484092642,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Control fabrication of metal-oxide nanocatalysts for electrochemical reactions has received considerable research attention. Here, manganese oxide (Mn<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) nanorods modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were prepared based on the in-situ one-step hydrothermal methods. The nanorods were well characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The results showed the formation of pure crystalline Mn<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> nanorods with a length of approximately 1.4 \u03bcm and a thickness of approximately 100 \u00b1 30 nm. The Mn<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> nanorod-modified ITO electrodes were used for accelerating urea electrochemical oxidation at room temperature using cyclic and square wave voltammetry techniques. The results indicated that the modified electrode demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic performance toward urea electrooxidation in an alkaline medium over concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 4 mol\/L. The modified electrode showed high durability, attaining more than 88% of its baseline performance after 150 cycles; furthermore, the chronoamperometry technique demonstrated high stability. Thus, the Mn<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> nanorod-modified ITO electrode is a promising anode for direct urea fuel cell applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T17:40:41Z","timestamp":1659634841000},"page":"e0272586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hydrothermal synthesis of Mn3O4 nanorods modified indium tin oxide electrode as an efficient nanocatalyst towards direct urea electrooxidation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-7612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Waleed A.","family":"El-Said","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alsulmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Alshitari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0272586.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2012.08.022","article-title":"Electrochemical decomposition of urea with Ni-based catalysts","volume":"127","author":"W Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis B: Environmental"},{"issue":"45","key":"pone.0272586.ref002","first-page":"2105163","article-title":"Rational Design and General Synthesis of Multimetallic Metal\u2013Organic Framework Nano-Octahedra for Enhanced Li\u2013S Battery, Adv","volume":"33","author":"W Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater"},{"key":"pone.0272586.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwz137","article-title":"A highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@metal\u2013organic framework composite for high-performance electrochemical energy storage","volume":"7","author":"S Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"National Science Review"},{"key":"pone.0272586.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2020.06.020","article-title":"MoS2\/graphene composites: Fabrication and electrochemical energy storage","volume":"33","author":"C Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Storage Materials"},{"key":"pone.0272586.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800886","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201800886","article-title":"Nitrogen-Doped Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures Derived from Cobalt\u2013Alanine Complexes for High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Reactions, Adv","volume":"28","author":"X Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Funct. 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