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Using a common experimental framework, we investigate the effects of a recommendation that takes the form of an exhortative message to contribute, a monetary punishment and a non-monetary reward to sustain high levels of contributions. In particular, we shed light on the differential impact these mechanisms have on heterogeneous types of agents. The results show that all three incentives increase contributions compared to a pre-phase where there is no incentive. Monetary sanctions lead to the highest contributions, but a sudden drop in contributions is observed once the incentive to punish is removed. On the contrary, Recommendation leads to the lowest contributions but maintains a long-lasting impact in the<jats:italic>Post-policy<\/jats:italic>phase. In particular, it makes free-riders increase their contribution over time in the post-incentive phase. Finally, non-monetary reward backfires against those who are weakly conditional cooperators. Our findings emphasize the importance of designing and maintaining incentives not only for free-riders, but for strong and weak conditional cooperators as well, depending on characteristics of the incentives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T17:32:40Z","timestamp":1661448760000},"page":"e0273014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-lasting effects of incentives and social preference: A public goods experiment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maho","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7536-8323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Stenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273014.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34435-2","article-title":"Cost-Effective External Interference for Promoting the Evolution of Cooperation","volume":"8","author":"The Anh Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2254","key":"pone.0273014.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20210568","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2021.0568","article-title":"Cost Efficiency of Institutional Incentives for Promoting Cooperation in Finite Populations","volume":"477","author":"Manh Hong Duong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0273014.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0260932","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260932","article-title":"Social Incentive Factors in Interventions Promoting Sustainable Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Phu Nguyen-Van","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273014.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803321455359","article-title":"Monetary and Nonmonetary Punishment in the Voluntary Contributions Mechanism","volume":"93","author":"David Masclet","year":"2003","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273014.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2007.00051.x","article-title":"The Effect of Rewards and Sanctions in Provision of Public Goods","volume":"45","author":"Martin Sefton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273014.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2011.00422.x","article-title":"Non-Monetary Incentives and Opportunistic Behavior: Evidence from a Laboratory Public Good Game","volume":"51","author":"Subhasish Dugar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"key":"pone.0273014.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.07.086","article-title":"The Impact of Renewable Energy and Agriculture on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Investigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Four Selected Asean Countries","volume":"164","author":"Xuyi Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0273014.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.101.3.318","article-title":"The Persistence of Treatment Effects with Norm-Based Policy Instruments: Evidence from a Randomized Environmental Policy Experiment","volume":"101","author":"Paul J. 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