{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:45:08Z","timestamp":1782294308006,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Project of Health Commission of Hebei Province, China","award":["20201308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20201308"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To date, sepsis remains the main cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed analyze the risk factors of the prognosis in sepsis patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this case-control study, patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit of a Chinese hospital between January and November 2020 were analyzed. Ultrasound and clinical data were analyzed and compared between non-survivors and survivors. The ROC curve analysis was also performed to determine the best indicator for predicting mortality.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 72 patients with sepsis in ICU were included for analysis. The basic characteristics between the survivals and non-survivals were similar, except for acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) \u2161 score, sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, lactate level, ultrasound parameters from superior mesenteric artery (SMA) such as peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI). Univariate analysis revealed that the APACHE \u2161 score, SOFA score, lactate, low PSV, EDV, and RI were potential risk factors for mortality in sepsis, while multivariate analysis suggested that low PSV was an independent risk factor for mortality, and the adjusted odds ratio was 0.295 (95% CI: 0.094\u20130.925). The ROC analysis showed that the PSV (AUC = 0.99; sensitivity and specificity were 0.99 and 0.96, respectively) had good predictive value for mortality in sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Low PSV as found to be an independent risk factor and good predictor for mortality in patients with sepsis. This study shows the promise of ultrasound in predicting mortality in patients with sepsis; however, further studies are needed to validate these results.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T17:34:37Z","timestamp":1662485677000},"page":"e0273377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Risk factors for the prognosis of patients with sepsis in intensive care units"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Gai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7437-1184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10 Pt B","key":"pone.0273377.ref001","first-page":"2574","article-title":"The intestinal microenvironment in sepsis","volume":"1863","author":"KT Fay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochimica et biophysica acta Molecular basis of disease"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0273377.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05680-4","article-title":"Focus on sepsis","volume":"45","author":"MH M\u00f8ller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive care medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273377.ref003","first-page":"2505","article-title":"The shape change index (SCI) of inferior vena cava (IVC) measuring by transabdominal ultrasound to predict the presence of septic shock in intensive care unit (ICU) patients","volume":"23","author":"C Huan","year":"2019","journal-title":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0273377.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12299","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900398RR","article-title":"Enteric dysbiosis is associated with sepsis in patients","volume":"33","author":"Z Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273377.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000215834.48023.57","article-title":"Effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine on microcirculatory blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract in sepsis","volume":"34","author":"V Krejci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Critical care medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273377.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01323.x","article-title":"Haemodynamic effects of dopexamine on postprandial splanchnic hyperaemia","volume":"34","author":"S Bartsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"European journal of clinical investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273377.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1806-4","article-title":"Bowel sonography in sepsis with pathological correlation: an experimental study","volume":"41","author":"HY Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric radiology"},{"key":"pone.0273377.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00891","article-title":"Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis","volume":"10","author":"F Haussner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"key":"pone.0273377.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.05.001","article-title":"Association between acute gastrointestinal injury grading system and disease severity and prognosis in critically ill patients: A multicenter, prospective, observational study in China","volume":"36","author":"H Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of critical care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142991902213","article-title":"The gastrointestinal tract as a barrier in sepsis","volume":"55","author":"BJ Rowlands","year":"1999","journal-title":"British medical bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13324","article-title":"Lactate, bicarbonate and anion gap for evaluation of patients presenting with sepsis to the emergency department: A prospective cohort study","volume":"32","author":"B Mitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emergency medicine Australasia: EMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273377.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccx.0000216584.72427.e4","article-title":"Vasoactive drugs and the gut: is there anything new?","volume":"12","author":"CA Woolsey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current opinion in critical care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533609357568","article-title":"Altered GI motility in critically Ill patients: current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical impact, and diagnostic approach","volume":"25","author":"A. Ukleja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrition in clinical practice: official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273377.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.5.645","article-title":"Factors affecting splanchnic haemodynamics in Crohn\u2019s disease: a prospective controlled study using Doppler ultrasound","volume":"43","author":"G Maconi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0273377.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-115853","article-title":"EFSUMB Recommendations and Guidelines for Gastrointestinal Ultrasound","volume":"38","author":"K Nylund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany: 1980)"},{"key":"pone.0273377.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.05.010","article-title":"Incorporation of point-of-care ultrasound into morning round is associated with improvement in clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis","volume":"48","author":"Z Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of clinical anesthesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273377.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-13811","article-title":"Reproducibility of ultrasound blood flow measurement of the superior mesenteric artery before and after exercise","volume":"22","author":"HP Peters","year":"2001","journal-title":"International journal of sports medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.2001.0158","article-title":"Chronic splanchnic ischaemia","volume":"15","author":"JH van Bockel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Best practice & research Clinical gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273377.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-020-0754-x","article-title":"Review Article: Mesenteric Ischemia","volume":"22","author":"K Gnanapandithan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current gastroenterology reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0273377.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0794","article-title":"Assessment of Crohn\u2019s disease activity by Doppler sonography of the superior mesenteric artery, clinical evaluation and the Crohn\u2019s disease activity index: a prospective study","volume":"56","author":"MF Byrne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-007-0431-9","article-title":"Increased splanchnic arterial vascular resistance in oldest old patients\u2014possible relevance for postprandial hypotension","volume":"40","author":"S Wicklein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0273377.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15064","article-title":"Early Doppler Ultrasound in the Superior Mesenteric Artery and the Prediction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates","volume":"38","author":"Y Guang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273377.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12106","article-title":"Feeding interval and postprandial intestinal blood flow in premature infants","volume":"55","author":"K Maruyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics international: official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318192fb44","article-title":"Changes in superior mesenteric artery blood flow after oral, enteral, and parenteral feeding in humans","volume":"37","author":"M Gatt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Critical care medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.02.012","article-title":"Superior mesenteric artery blood flow modifications during off-pump coronary surgery","volume":"82","author":"G Fiore","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Annals of thoracic surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.a2017.0073","article-title":"Point-of-care gastrointestinal and urinary tract sonography in daily evaluation of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients (GUTS Protocol)","volume":"50","author":"AA Perez-Calatayud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesiology intensive therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273377.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12465","article-title":"The role of platelets in sepsis","volume":"5","author":"O. Shannon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0273377.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.06.067","article-title":"Lactate\/albumin ratio: An early prognostic marker in critically ill patients","volume":"38","author":"A Gharipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"The American journal of emergency medicine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T17:35:16Z","timestamp":1662485716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273377"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Cartelle Gestal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273377","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]}}}