{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:17:32Z","timestamp":1747196252929,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The working environment abroad a ship is unique, with constant stimuli such as rolling of the vessel, noise, and vibration. Fishing industry is important for Icelandic economy, still the effect of seasickness-related symptoms on seamen\u00b4s health is not fully understood. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore the impact of seasickness-related symptoms, i.e., seasickness, seasickness symptoms and <jats:italic>mal de d\u00e9barquement<\/jats:italic> on seaman\u00b4s health, and how their working environment may affect those factors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cross-sectional data was collected from 262 seamen answering questionnaire. Majority of the seamen participated while attending a compulsory course held by the Maritime Safety and Survival Training Centre. The majority of participants were men. A chi-square test was used to detect the difference between variables.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The majority of seamen had experienced seasickness (87.8%) or <jats:italic>mal de d\u00e9barquement<\/jats:italic> (85.8%). Having a history of tension headache (38.1%) and tinnitus (37.9%) was quite common. A total of 30.6% of the participants had been admitted to hospital once or more due to mishaps or accidents on land.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Seasickness and seasickness symptoms together with <jats:italic>mal de d\u00e9barquement<\/jats:italic> are common in Icelandic seamen. Working conditions at sea are demanding and seam to affect the seamen\u00b4s health both at sea and ashore, making further research needed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T17:50:37Z","timestamp":1661536237000},"page":"e0273477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seasickness among Icelandic seamen"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1096-1449","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nanna Yr","family":"Arnardottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigridur Sia","family":"Jonsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0273477.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4008-8","article-title":"Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting","volume":"232","author":"JR Lackner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0273477.ref002","first-page":"653","article-title":"Seasickness","volume":"98","author":"H Petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laeknabladid"},{"issue":"41","key":"pone.0273477.ref003","first-page":"687","article-title":"The Neurophysiology and Treatment of Motion Sickness","volume":"115","author":"A Koch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273477.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7962-6","article-title":"Mal de debarquement syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"263","author":"A Van Ombergen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273477.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1241038","article-title":"Mal de Debarquement","volume":"29","author":"Y. Cha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seminars in Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273477.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-1995-5503","article-title":"Clinical features of mal de debarquement: adaptation and habituation to sea conditions","volume":"5","author":"C.R. Gordon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273477.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66949","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066949","article-title":"Getting Your Sea Legs","volume":"8","author":"TA Stoffregen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273477.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12468","article-title":"Motion Sickness: Current Knowledge and Recent Advance","volume":"22","author":"L Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pone.0273477.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1159\/000350185","article-title":"Neuronal Mechanisms and the Treatment of Motion Sickness","volume":"91","author":"F. Schm\u00e4l","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273477.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2019.64","article-title":"Genetic Analysis of a Large Family with Migraine, Vertigo, and Motion Sickness","volume":"46","author":"LR Peddareddygari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273477.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.07.019","article-title":"Motion sickness susceptibility","volume":"129","author":"JF Golding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autonomic Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2019-9-4","article-title":"Motion sickness: an overview","volume":"8","author":"AK Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs in context"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273477.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12126","article-title":"Pattern of Passenger Injury and Illness on Expedition Cruise Ships to Antarctica","volume":"21","author":"L Schutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0273477.ref014","first-page":"962","article-title":"Effects of gender of subjects and experimenter on susceptibility to motion sickness","volume":"70","author":"MD Jokerst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"S1","key":"pone.0273477.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09333-w","article-title":"Survey of motion sickness susceptibility in children and adolescents aged 3 months to 18 years","volume":"266","author":"D Huppert","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0273477.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv028","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with motion sickness point to roles for inner ear development, neurological processes and glucose homeostasis","volume":"24","author":"BS Hromatka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0273477.ref017","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Genetic Influences on Motion Sickness Susceptibility in Adult Women: A Classical Twin Study","volume":"77","author":"CM Reavley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273477.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24285","article-title":"Motion sensitivity and caloric responsiveness in vestibular migraine and Meniere\u2019s disease","volume":"124","author":"JD Sharon","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0273477.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.6.15.2691","article-title":"Motion sickness in migraine sufferers","volume":"6","author":"DA Marcus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert opinion on Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"S1","key":"pone.0273477.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8961-1","article-title":"Prevalence of motion sickness in various vestibular disorders: a study on 749 patients","volume":"265","author":"M Strupp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"journal-title":"Starfandi \u00ed a\u00f0alstarfi eftir atvinnugreinum (b\u00e1lkar), kyni og b\u00fasetu","year":"1991\u20132019","author":"Statistics Iceland","key":"pone.0273477.ref021"},{"issue":"6889","key":"pone.0273477.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6889.1379","article-title":"Risk of fatal accidents occurring other than at sea among Icelandic seamen","volume":"306","author":"V Rafnsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273477.ref023","first-page":"29","article-title":"Slys me\u00f0al sj\u00f3manna \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1rin 2001\u20132005","volume":"2010","author":"K Sigvaldason","journal-title":"Laeknabladid 2010 Jan"},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref024","article-title":"\u00c1hrif hv\u00edldar \u00e1 heilsu og \u00f6ryggi sj\u00f3manna","author":"\u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir Lov\u00edsa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Samg\u00f6ngur\u00e1\u00f0uneyti\u00f0"},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref025","first-page":"3","author":"Hrei\u00f0ar \u00de\u00f3r Valt\u00fdsson H\u00f6r\u00f0ur S\u00e6valdsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skip og \u00fatger\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00cdsland"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273477.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0231309","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231309","article-title":"Physical influences on seafarers are different during their voyage episodes of port stay, river passage and sea passage: A maritime field study","volume":"15","author":"M. Oldenburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273477.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01859.x","article-title":"The Long\u2010Term Effect of Insomnia on Primary Headaches: A Prospective Population\u2010Based Cohort Study (HUNT\u20102 and HUNT\u20103)","volume":"51","author":"SS \u00d8deg\u00e5rd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273477.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13716","article-title":"The Influence of Migraine on Driving: Current Understanding, Future Directions, and Potential Implications of Findings","volume":"60","author":"SJ Tepper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273477.ref029","article-title":"The relationship between occupational noise and vibration exposure and headache\/ eyestrain, based on the fourth Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS)","volume":"12","author":"J Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0273477.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e024006","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024006","article-title":"Sleep quality of offshore wind farm workers in the German exclusive economic zone: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"VM Garrido","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref031","unstructured":"Slysavarnaf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 Landsbj\u00f6rg [Icelandic association for search, rescue & injury prevention]. Slysavarnask\u00f3li sj\u00f3manna. n.d.; Available from: https:\/\/www.landsbjorg.is\/slysavarnaskoli-sjomanna."},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63437-5.00027-3","article-title":"Motion sickness","volume":"137","author":"JF Golding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"36","key":"pone.0273477.ref033","first-page":"175","article-title":"Aging of the Human Vestibular System","volume":"3","author":"CK Zalewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Hear"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0273477.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0221954","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221954","article-title":"Deactivation of somatosensory and visual cortices during vestibular stimulation is associated with older age and poorer balance","volume":"14","author":"F Noohi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref035","first-page":"269","article-title":"Perspectives on aging vestibular function","volume":"6","author":"E Anson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"S2","key":"pone.0273477.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21373","article-title":"Controlling motion sickness and spatial disorientation and enhancing vestibular rehabilitation with a user\u2010worn see\u2010through display","volume":"121","author":"WWO Krueger","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273477.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4946.2018","article-title":"Intravestibular Balance and Motion Sickness","volume":"89","author":"FH Previc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0273477.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/79.10.949","article-title":"Visual-Vestibular Habituation and Balance Training for Motion Sickness","volume":"79","author":"RM Rine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref039","unstructured":"The Directorate of Health, Iceland. Accidents. n.d.; Available from: https:\/\/www.landlaeknir.is\/tolfraedi-og-rannsoknir\/tolfraedi\/sjukdomar%20og%20slys\/slys\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273477.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-010-0217-0","article-title":"Prevalence of headache in Europe: a review for the Eurolight project","volume":"11","author":"LJ Stovner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Headache and Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273477.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13281","article-title":"The Prevalence and Impact of Migraine and Severe Headache in the United States: Figures and Trends From Government Health Studies","volume":"58","author":"R Burch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273477.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00451.x","article-title":"The co-occurrence of headache and musculoskeletal symptoms amongst 51,050 adults in Norway","volume":"9","author":"K Hagen","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"S1","key":"pone.0273477.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2014.981305","article-title":"Does tinnitus, hearing asymmetry, or hearing loss predispose to occupational injury risk?","volume":"54","author":"LF Cantley","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"e1","key":"pone.0273477.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2013-040828","article-title":"Occupational noise exposure and noise-induced hearing loss are associated with work-related injuries leading to admission to hospital","volume":"21","author":"S Girard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref045","first-page":"11","article-title":"Nordic monitoring of diet, physical activity and overweight","author":"L.B. Rasmussen","year":"2014","journal-title":"First collection of data in all Nordic Countries 2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273477.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00293-8","article-title":"Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study","volume":"106","author":"IA Scher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273477.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283537347","article-title":"Joint statement of the European Association for the Study of Obesity and the European Society of Hypertension: obesity and difficult to treat arterial hypertension","volume":"30","author":"J Jordan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273477.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2017.07.013","article-title":"The epidemiology of sleep and obesity","volume":"3","author":"RP Ogilvie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"pone.0273477.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141476","article-title":"Occupational exposure to whole body vibrations and birth outcomes\u2013A nationwide cohort study of Swedish women","volume":"751","author":"H Skr\u00f6der","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Science of the total Environment"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T17:51:27Z","timestamp":1661536287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273477"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andreas C.","family":"Bryhn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273477","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]}}}