{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:51Z","timestamp":1787022111032,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009015","name":"Abbott Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biotronik Japan"},{"name":"Mitsufuji Corp.","award":["KY2020010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY2020010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter ECG have been established as gold standards for detection of arrhythmias. Recently, wearable ECG monitoring devices have been available. Our purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a novel wearable electrode embedded in an undershirt is useful for ECG monitoring and detection of arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 31 consecutive hospitalized patients who underwent catheter ablation of tachyarrhythmias. Patients equipped a wearable electrode and a lead CM5 of Holter ECG simultaneously, and total heart beats, maximum heart rate (HR), mean HR, minimum HR, detections of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, and premature ventricular contractions (Lown\u2019s grade &gt;II), were compared between the two methods using a Holter ECG analysis software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median recording time of ECG by wearable electrodes was 12.6 hours. Strong correlations between the two methods were observed in total heart beats (R = 0.999, P &lt;0.001), maximum HR (R = 0.997, P &lt;0.001), mean HR (R = 0.999, P &lt;0.001), minimum HR (R = 0.989, P &lt;0.001) and QRS duration (R = 0.900, P &lt;0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed excellent concordance between each parameter measured by two methods. In addition, the detection of atrial fibrillation (nine events), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (two events), and premature ventricular contractions of Lown\u2019s grade &gt;II (five events) were concordant in two methods. In addition, there were no significant difference in parameters of time-domain and frequency-domain analyses of heart rate variability between the two methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The usefulness of a novel electrode embedded in an undershirt is equivalent to that of a Holter ECG in monitoring the ECG and detection of arrythmias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T13:36:23Z","timestamp":1661261783000},"page":"e0273541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Utility of a novel wearable electrode embedded in an undershirt for electrocardiogram monitoring and detection of arrhythmias"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Amami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-6617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akiomi","family":"Yoshihisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Horikoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nehashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Hijioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Nodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kaneshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8197-3274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Yokokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Misaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuchika","family":"Takeishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0273541.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.09.012","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/HRS Versus ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope: JACC Guideline Comparison","volume":"74","author":"ZD Goldberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"G Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2018.03.002","article-title":"Covert atrial fibrillation and atrial high-rate episodes as a potential cause of embolic strokes of undetermined source: Their detection and possible management strategy","volume":"72","author":"H Tomita","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.8102","article-title":"Effect of a Home-Based Wearable Continuous ECG Monitoring Patch on Detection of Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation: The mSToPS Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"320","author":"SR Steinhubl","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22387","article-title":"Feasibility of extended ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring to identify silent atrial fibrillation in high-risk patients: the Screening Study for Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation (STUDY-AF)","volume":"38","author":"MP Turakhia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.003","article-title":"Smartwatch Algorithm for Automated Detection of Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"71","author":"JM Bumgarner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051461","article-title":"A Survey of Heart Anomaly Detection Using Ambulatory Electrocardiogram (ECG)","volume":"20","author":"HZ Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab215","article-title":"The use of remote monitoring of cardiac implantable devices during the COVID-19 pandemic: an EHRA physician survey","volume":"24","author":"S Simovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2014.12.009","article-title":"Single center experience in Japanese patients with syncope","volume":"66","author":"T Onuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2020.04.004","article-title":"Miniaturized implantable cardiac monitor with a long sensing vector (BIOMONITOR III): Insertion procedure assessment, sensing performance, and home monitoring transmission success","volume":"60","author":"JA Mariani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780141709","article-title":"On the use of a pilot study for sample size determination","volume":"14","author":"RH Browne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.4710380806","article-title":"On the use of the upper confidence limit for the variance from a pilot sample for sample size determination","volume":"8","author":"M Kieser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biometrical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2019.01.006","article-title":"Impact of atrial high-rate episodes on the risk of future stroke","volume":"74","author":"M Nakano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.019","article-title":"HRS\/EHRA\/APHRS\/LAHRS\/ACC\/AHA Worldwide Practice Update for Telehealth and Arrhythmia Monitoring During and After a Pandemic","volume":"76","author":"N Varma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.01.046","article-title":"Wearable Devices for Ambulatory Cardiac Monitoring: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"75","author":"F Sana","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6036","DOI":"10.3390\/s21186036","article-title":"Anytime ECG Monitoring through the Use of a Low-Cost, User-Friendly, Wearable Device","volume":"21","author":"V Randazzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093122","article-title":"Validation of Adhesive Single-Lead ECG Device Compared with Holter Monitoring among Non-Atrial Fibrillation Patients","volume":"21","author":"S Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.10.003","article-title":"Comparison of 24-hour Holter monitoring with 14-day novel adhesive patch electrocardiographic monitoring","volume":"127","author":"PM Barrett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082414","article-title":"Wearable Health Devices-Vital Sign Monitoring, Systems and Technologies","volume":"18","author":"D Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.877852","article-title":"Performance of a new leadless implantable cardiac monitor in detecting and quantifying atrial fibrillation: Results of the XPECT trial","volume":"3","author":"XPECT Trial Investigators","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab160","article-title":"Remote monitoring data from cardiac implantable electronic devices predicts all-cause mortality","volume":"24","author":"FZ Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.6128","article-title":"Effect of Implantable vs Prolonged External Electrocardiographic Monitoring on Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Patients With Ischemic Stroke: The PER DIEM Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"325","author":"BH Buck","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0273541.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.11.1458","article-title":"QT dispersion as an attribute of T-loop morphology","volume":"99","author":"JA Kors","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273541","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T13:36:52Z","timestamp":1661261812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273541"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michela","family":"Casella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273541","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]}}}