{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T03:49:33Z","timestamp":1768016973436,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001502","name":"Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted healthcare delivery and patient outcomes globally.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the temporal trends and outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Michigan.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We compared all patients undergoing PCI in the BMC2 Registry between March and December 2020 (\u201cpandemic cohort\u201d) with those undergoing PCI between March and December 2019 (\u201cpre-pandemic cohort\u201d). A risk-adjusted analysis of in-hospital outcomes was performed between the pre-pandemic and pandemic cohort. A subgroup analysis was performed comparing COVID-19 positive vs. negative patients during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was a 15.2% reduction in overall PCI volume from the pre-pandemic (n = 25,737) to the pandemic cohort (n = 21,822), which was more pronounced for stable angina and non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS) presentations, and between February and May 2020. Patients in the two cohorts had similar clinical and procedural characteristics. Monthly mortality rates for primary PCI were generally higher in the pandemic period. There were no significant system delays in care between the cohorts. Risk-adjusted mortality was higher in the pandemic cohort (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.47, p = 0.005), a finding that was only partially explained by worse outcomes in COVID-19 patients and was more pronounced in subjects with ACS. During the pandemic, COVID-19 positive patients suffered higher risk-adjusted mortality (aOR 5.69, 95% CI 2.54\u201312.74, p&lt;0.001) compared with COVID negative patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a reduction in PCI volumes and higher risk-adjusted mortality. COVID-19 positive patients experienced significantly worse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T17:42:35Z","timestamp":1664214155000},"page":"e0273638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Trends and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Azzalini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devraj","family":"Sukul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier A.","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Wanamaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Tucciarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Zaitoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Madder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1646-0218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hitinder S.","family":"Gurm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0273638.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.05.018","article-title":"Cardiovascular implications of the COVID-19 pandemic: a global perspective","volume":"36","author":"M Boukhris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28946","article-title":"Management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic: a consensus statement from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and the American College of Emergency Physici","volume":"96","author":"E Mahmud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc 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Emerging Leader Mentorship (SCAI ELM) Members and Graduates","volume":"96","author":"M Szerlip","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref006","first-page":"E194","article-title":"Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on outcome of myocardial infarction in Hong Kong, China","volume":"97","author":"CCF Tam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref007","article-title":"The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on STEMI care: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"NW Chew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.546","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mechanical reperfusion for patients with STEMI","volume":"76","author":"G De Luca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa409","article-title":"Reduction of hospitalizations for myocardial infarction in Italy in the COVID-19 era","volume":"41","author":"S De Rosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.03.309","article-title":"International prospective registry of acute coronary syndromes in patients with COVID-19","volume":"77","author":"TA Kite","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2020.04.010","article-title":"Collateral damage: medical care avoidance behavior among patients with myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"2","author":"F Moroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Case 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Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.011","article-title":"Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"75","author":"S Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047525","article-title":"ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with COVID-19: clinical and angiographic outcomes","volume":"141","author":"GG Stefanini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0273638.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047457","article-title":"Population trends in rates of percutaneous coronary revascularization for acute coronary syndromes associated with the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"141","author":"R 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As cardiac procedures plummet, concerns mount for COVID-19\u2019s collateral damage. TctmdCom. n.d. https:\/\/www.tctmd.com\/news\/cardiac-procedures-plummet-concerns-mount-covid-19s-collateral-damage (accessed 30 July 2021)."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273638","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T17:43:11Z","timestamp":1664214191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273638"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shukri","family":"AlSaif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273638","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]}}}