{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:17:46Z","timestamp":1747196266842,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DM is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), due to poor glycemic control. However, few studies have focused on the risk of developing ESRD among DM patients with and without AF. This study evaluated ESRD risk among DM patients with and without AF in Taiwan. Data were retrieved from one million patients randomly sampled from Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database, including 6,105 DM patients with AF propensity score\u2013matched with 6,105 DM patients without AF. Both groups were followed until death, any dialysis treatment, or December 31, 2013, whichever occurred first. AF was diagnosed by a qualified physician according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), using the diagnostic code 427.31. Patients aged &lt;20 years or diagnosed with ESRD before the index date were excluded. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate the relative ESRD risk. Among DM patients, those with AF have more comorbidities than those without AF. We also found a 1.18-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01\u20131.46) increase in ESRD risk among patients with AF compared with those without AF. In addition, DM patients with hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), or higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores also have significantly increased ESRD risks than those without these complications. A 1.39-fold (95% CI: 1.04\u20131.86) increase in risk was observed for patients with AF among the non-CKD group. Our findings suggest that patients with DM should be closely monitored for irregular or rapid heart rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T17:56:13Z","timestamp":1661536573000},"page":"e0273646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between atrial fibrillation and risk of end-stage renal disease among adults with diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu-Kang","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hueng-Chuen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chien","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Hung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan-Ni","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-9004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paik-Seong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0273646.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9(th) edition","volume":"157","author":"P Saeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273646.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i4.444","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Have all risk factors the same strength?","volume":"5","author":"I Martin-Timon","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref003","first-page":"e1","article-title":"\u2018United States Renal Data System 2011 Annual Data Report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease & end-stage renal disease in the United States","volume":"59","author":"AJ Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"pone.0273646.ref004","first-page":"67","article-title":"US Renal Data System 2015 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States","author":"R Saran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"pone.0273646.ref005","first-page":"32","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease","author":"RN Foley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"pone.0273646.ref006","unstructured":"2018 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. System USRD, editor2018 2018."},{"key":"pone.0273646.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4482","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4482","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and risks of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and death: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"354","author":"A Odutayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref008","first-page":"442","article-title":"The Relationship Between Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease: Epidemiologic and Pathophysiologic Considerations for a Dual Epidemic","volume":"5","author":"DD McManus","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Atr Fibrillation"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273646.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007111207","article-title":"Dilemmas in the management of atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease","volume":"20","author":"H Reinecke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0273646.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.07.044","article-title":"Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and associated factors in a population of long-term hemodialysis patients","volume":"46","author":"S Genovesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169400","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169400","article-title":"Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation and Antithrombotic Therapy in Hemodialysis Patients: Cross-Sectional Results of the Vienna InVestigation of AtriaL Fibrillation and Thromboembolism in Patients on HemoDIalysis (VIVALDI).","volume":"12","author":"O Konigsbrugge","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0273646.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3816","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs416","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients on dialysis.","volume":"27","author":"D Zimmerman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0273646.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.185","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in incident dialysis patients","volume":"76","author":"E Vazquez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273646.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.393","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing renal replacement therapy","volume":"87","author":"JN Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273646.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010050459","article-title":"The increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation among hemodialysis patients","volume":"22","author":"WC Winkelmayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273646.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.10.034","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and morbidity and mortality in a cohort of long-term hemodialysis patients","volume":"51","author":"S Genovesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273646.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163","article-title":"Modifiable Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"136","author":"DH Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273646.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.386","article-title":"Diabetic atrial fibrillation patients: mortality and risk for stroke or embolism during a 10-year follow-up","volume":"19","author":"I Klem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164117735013","article-title":"High overall cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and diabetes: A nationwide report","volume":"15","author":"S Karayiannides","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0273646.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.22.3.61","article-title":"Taiwan\u2019s new national health insurance program: genesis and experience so far","volume":"22","author":"TM Cheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0273646.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3658","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003658","article-title":"A Bayesian Approach to Identifying New Risk Factors for Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study","volume":"95","author":"YH Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0273646.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981015)17:19<2265::AID-SIM918>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group","volume":"17","author":"RB D\u2019Agostino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273646.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860613491823","article-title":"Identifying meaningful outcome measures for the intensive care unit","volume":"29","author":"EA Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273646.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90133-8","article-title":"Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases.","volume":"45","author":"RA Deyo","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273646.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970330)16:6<611::AID-SIM437>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"An empirical comparison of statistical tests for assessing the proportional hazards assumption of Cox\u2019s model","volume":"16","author":"NH Ng\u2019andu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273646.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp107","article-title":"Competing risk regression models for epidemiologic data","volume":"170","author":"B Lau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0273646.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.07.005","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, blood glucose and the risk of heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.","volume":"28","author":"D Aune","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0983-1","article-title":"Risk of atrial fibrillation in persons with type 2 diabetes and the excess risk in relation to glycaemic control and renal function: a Swedish cohort study","volume":"19","author":"S Seyed Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.03.004","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of atrial fibrillation","volume":"108","author":"RR Huxley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0273646.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2015.01.009","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation: From mechanisms to clinical practice","volume":"108","author":"M Tadic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0927-9","article-title":"Disease-treatment interactions in the management of patients with obesity and diabetes who have atrial fibrillation: the potential mediating influence of epicardial adipose tissue","volume":"18","author":"M. Packer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0273646.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2011.05.007","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways underlying atrial fibrillation","volume":"17","author":"K Friedrichs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0273646.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011060627","article-title":"Circulating TNF receptors 1 and 2 predict ESRD in type 2 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"MA Niewczas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0273646.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi645","article-title":"Is atrial fibrillation an inflammatory disorder","volume":"27","author":"CJ Boos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0273646.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.009","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and C-reactive protein: searching for local inflammation","volume":"49","author":"A Hernandez Madrid","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0273646.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.07.108","article-title":"Frequency of elevation of C-reactive protein in atrial fibrillation.","volume":"94","author":"JL Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273646.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.02.025","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"5","author":"S Iravanian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.02.009","article-title":"Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) for primary prevention of non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"165","author":"R Khatib","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0273646.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.020982","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"123","author":"A Alonso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.957100","article-title":"Association of chronic kidney disease with atrial fibrillation among adults in the United States: REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study","volume":"4","author":"U Baber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0273646.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.03.027","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and prevalent atrial fibrillation: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC).","volume":"159","author":"EZ Soliman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"9200","key":"pone.0273646.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)12323-7","article-title":"Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators","volume":"355","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0273646.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601043340103","article-title":"Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men","volume":"334","author":"MJ Klag","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T17:56:56Z","timestamp":1661536616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273646"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Abduzhappar","family":"Gaipov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273646","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]}}}