{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:43:47Z","timestamp":1783637027644,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Asociacion Chilena para el estudio del dolor y cuidados paliativos"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The magnitude of the cost of chronic pain has been a matter of concern in many countries worldwide. The high prevalence, the cost it implies for the health system, productivity, and absenteeism need to be addressed urgently. Studies have begun describing this problem in Chile, but there is still a debt in highlighting its importance and urgency on contributing to chronic pain financial coverage. This study objective is to estimate the expected cost of chronic pain and its related musculoskeletal diseases in the Chilean adult population. We conducted a mathematical decision model exercise, Markov Model, to estimate costs and consequences. Patients were classified into severe, moderate, and mild pain groups, restricted to five diseases: knee osteoarthritis, hip osteoarthritis, lower back pain, shoulder pain, and fibromyalgia. Data analysis considered a set of transition probabilities to estimate the total cost, sick leave payment, and productivity losses. Results show that the total annual cost for chronic pain in Chile is USD 943,413,490, corresponding an 80% to the five diseases studied. The highest costs are related to therapeutic management, followed by productivity losses and sick leave days. Low back pain and fibromyalgia are both the costlier chronic pain-related musculoskeletal diseases. We can conclude that the magnitude of the cost in our country\u2019s approach to chronic pain is related to increased productivity losses and sick leave payments. Incorporating actions to ensure access and financial coverage and new care strategies that reorganize care delivery to more integrated and comprehensive care could potentially impact costs in both patients and the health system. Finally, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will probably deepen even more this problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T17:55:30Z","timestamp":1666893330000},"page":"e0273667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cost analysis of chronic pain due to musculoskeletal disorders in Chile"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-9512","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto","family":"Bilbeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Carcamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1162-4591","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Zitko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Zamorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8381-2439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Balmaceda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0273667.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e599","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30222-1","article-title":"Multimorbidity\u2014a defining challenge for health systems","volume":"4","author":"J Pearson-Stuttard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Public Heal"},{"key":"pone.0273667.ref002","author":"C Vargas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Around the World Costs and consequences of chronic pain due to musculoskeletal disorders from a health system perspective in Chile"},{"key":"pone.0273667.ref003","first-page":"10","article-title":"Revisi\u00f3n Sistem\u00e1tica Epidemiolog\u00eda de Dolor Cr\u00f3nico No Oncol\u00f3gico en Chile","author":"N. 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