{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T21:28:29Z","timestamp":1792358909522,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Real-world data on multimorbidity represents an important but underutilised source of evidence for the planning of healthcare services, including prevention, treatments, and health economic modelling.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to estimate means of multimorbidity and provide associated prevalence rates and frequencies between 199 x 199 chronic conditions and disease groups based on the total adult Danish population and sex, age, and educational attainment. Thus, this study provides an off-the-shelf catalogue for use in treatments and planning by clinicians, decision-makers and researchers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study population contained all Danish residents above 16 years on 1 January 2013 (n = 4,555,439). The data was based on the linkage of six national registers covering hospital contacts, services in general practice, filled-in out-of-hospital prescriptions, and educational attainments. The health registers were used to identify the 199 chronic conditions based on the ICD-10 classification system.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean number of chronic conditions (NCC) was 2.2. The mean increased with age, women had a higher mean than men, and there was a social gradient with the mean increasing with lower educational attainment. The mean NCC varied from 3.3\u20139.8 among all conditions. Across disease groups, the highest mean NCC were found within disease group N (chronic renal failure, mean = 8.8), D (in situ and benign neoplasms; mean = 6.5), K (diseases of the digestive system; mean = 5.7), and H (diseases of the eye and the ear; mean = 5.6). The highest mean NCC among the 29 common diseases was heart failure, ischemic heart diseases, angina pectoris, stroke, and dementia, with a mean above 6.5. Several prevalent conditions like hypertension, arthritis, chronic lower respiratory diseases, depression, type 2 diabetes, and overweight transcended other conditions regarding the associated prevalence rates. As one of the most frequent, hypertensive diseases were highly associated with arthritis (50.4%), depression (37.4%), type 2 diabetes (75.4%), cancers (49.7%), and being overweight (39.7%)\u2013meaning that 50.4% of people with arthritis, 37.4% of people with depression and so on also had hypertensive diseases. The largest differences in means between individuals with no educational attainment and individuals with high educational attainment were found within disease groups J (diseases of the respiratory system, ratio = 1.8), Q (congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities, ratio = 1.7), and B (viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus disease, ratio = 1.7).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The current study provides a nationwide off-the-shelf catalogue of multimorbidity means and real-world associations estimates of 199+ chronic conditions for future clinical treatments and health care systems planning. The findings described are just one example of numerous results and underline that multimorbidity is highly prevalent in the adult Danish population and that it is a vital condition transcending all future medical treatment. The data offer essential information on the multimorbidity burden of disease in future differentiated treatments, healthcare planning, and economic, aetiological, and other research.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T17:57:20Z","timestamp":1663178240000},"page":"e0273850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Catalogue of multimorbidity mean based severity and associational prevalence rates between 199+ chronic conditions\u2014A nationwide register-based population study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0632-3866","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael Falk","family":"Hvidberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Fr\u00f8lich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne Lykke","family":"Lundstr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6123-8309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nina","family":"Kamstrup-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0273850.ref001","author":"S Mercer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Multimorbidity: Technical Series on Safer Primary Care"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.983","article-title":"Defining Comorbidity: Implications for Understanding Health and Health Services","volume":"7","author":"JM Valderas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2165\/11586840-000000000-00000","article-title":"The impact of co-morbidity burden on preference-based health-related quality of life in the United States","volume":"30","author":"PW Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2016.03.004","article-title":"The Association Between Multimorbidity and Quality of Life, Health Status and Functional Disability","volume":"352","author":"JS Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.7008","article-title":"Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with mortality","volume":"314","author":"E Di Angelantonio","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA\u2014J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-2-47","article-title":"Predicting declines in physical function in persons with multiple chronic medical conditions: What we can learn from the medical problem list","volume":"2","author":"EA Bayliss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0214183","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214183","article-title":"Multimorbidity, healthcare utilization and socioeconomic status: A register-based study in Denmark","volume":"14","author":"A Fr\u00f8lich","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref008","author":"KM Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kroniske sygdomme\u2013hvordan opg\u00f8res kroniske sygdomme [Chronic disease\u2013how is chronic disease defined]"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref009","article-title":"[In Peer Review] Catalogue of socioeconomic disparities and characteristics of 199 chronic conditions\u2014A nationwide register-based population study","author":"MF Hvidberg","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4314-8","article-title":"Social disparities in the prevalence of multimorbidity\u2014A register-based population study","volume":"17","author":"ML Schi\u00f8tz","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0273850.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169426","article-title":"A Latent class analysis of multimorbidity and the relationship to socio-demographic factors and health-related quality of life. 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