{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:36:09Z","timestamp":1774942569439,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1I1A3057522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1I1A3057522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Monochamus alternatus<\/jats:italic> is a major forest pest that spreads pine wilt disease in pine trees as a vector of pine wilt nematodes. Chemical insecticides used as fumigants to control overwintering <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alternatus<\/jats:italic> in forests are highly toxic to the environment, so we investigated entomopathogenic fungus <jats:italic>Beauveria bassiana<\/jats:italic> ERL836 as an eco-friendly and alternative material to control overwintering <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alternatus<\/jats:italic>. In this work, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bassiana<\/jats:italic> ERL836 against <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alternatus<\/jats:italic> adults, the possibility of fungal colonization on pine tree bark, and finally the control efficacy of fungal pre-treatment on pine tree logs against emerging <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alternatus<\/jats:italic> adults in semi-field and field conditions. <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alternatus<\/jats:italic> adults were killed on the pine tree logs pre-treated with the <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bassiana<\/jats:italic> ERL836. White conidia were observed not only on the surface of the dead adults but also on the pine tree logs, suggesting that the adults were killed by the fungus on the pine. A formulated ERL836 powder treatment on larvae-infested pine logs showed high insecticidal activity against adults, similar to that with the fungal powder suspension treatment, but we demonstrated that using the fungal powder was simpler than using the suspension in field conditions. Even in the field condition, the fungal powder treatment showed high insecticidal activity against <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alternatus<\/jats:italic> adults, which we attribute to its ability to maintain fungal activity for a long time in field conditions by covering the pine tree logs with a film during overwintering. We confirmed that the risk that fungus-infected <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alternatus<\/jats:italic> adults would spread the fungus to other non-target forest insects was low. Thus, even a high-concentration treatment in a specific area is unlikely to transmit the fungus outside that area, so it can be safely used to control this pine wilt nematode vector in forest ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T17:39:07Z","timestamp":1662140347000},"page":"e0274086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Management of overwintering pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus with colonized Beauveria bassiana ERL836"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jong-Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Rong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Seon","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panjung","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0128-0684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0274086.ref001","first-page":"210","article-title":"Inoculation experiments of a nematode, Bursaphelenchus sp., onto pine trees","volume":"53","author":"T Kiyohara","year":"1971","journal-title":"J The Jpn For Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0274086.ref002","first-page":"232","article-title":"Is the pine wood nematode an important pathogen in the United States?","volume":"82","author":"MJ Wingfield","year":"1984","journal-title":"J For"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0274086.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.35.1.153","article-title":"The pinewood nematode: regulation and mitigation","volume":"35","author":"LD Dwinell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phytopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0274086.ref004","first-page":"146","article-title":"Development status of pinewood nematode disease and its management strategies in China","volume":"23","author":"B Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin Agric Sci Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0274086.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-12-10-0902","article-title":"Detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causal agent of pine wilt disease on Pinus pinaster in Northwestern Spain","volume":"95","author":"A Abelleira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0274086.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1163\/156854199508757","article-title":"First report of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal and in Europe","volume":"1","author":"MM Mota","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nematology"},{"key":"pone.0274086.ref007","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Pine wilt disease","author":"Springer","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0274086.ref008","first-page":"219","article-title":"History of pine wilt disease in Japan","volume":"20","author":"Y. 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