{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:07:55Z","timestamp":1791288475690,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014849","name":"Conselleria de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIDEGENT\/2020\/050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIDEGENT\/2020\/050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P01ES022832, RD83544201, and R25CA134286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01ES022832, RD83544201, and R25CA134286"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIBERESP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERESP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III Obra Social Cajastur\/Fundaci\u00f3n Liberbank, and Universidad de Oviedo","award":["Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII-FEDER: PI04\/2018, PI09\/02311, PI13\/02429, PI18\/00909; Obra Social Cajastur\/Fundaci\u00f3n Liberbank, and Universidad de Oviedo"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII-FEDER: PI04\/2018, PI09\/02311, PI13\/02429, PI18\/00909; Obra Social Cajastur\/Fundaci\u00f3n Liberbank, and Universidad de Oviedo"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII-FEDER: PI07\/0314 and PI11\/01007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII-FEDER: PI07\/0314 and PI11\/01007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa","award":["Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS-PI09\/00090 and FIS-PI18\/01142 incl. FEDER funds), CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2013111089, 2015111065), Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG15\/221) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS-PI09\/00090 and FIS-PI18\/01142 incl. FEDER funds), CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2013111089, 2015111065), Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG15\/221) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain)"]}]},{"name":"Miguel Servet fellowpship","award":["Miguel Servet fellowship (CP16\/00128) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and cofounded by European Social Fund \u201cInvesting in your future\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Miguel Servet fellowship (CP16\/00128) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and cofounded by European Social Fund \u201cInvesting in your future\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ingested inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human carcinogen that is also linked to other adverse health effects, such as respiratory outcomes. Yet, among populations consuming low-arsenic drinking water, the impact of iAs exposure on childhood respiratory health is still uncertain. For a Spanish child study cohort (INfancia y Medio Ambiente\u2014INMA), low-arsenic drinking water is usually available and ingestion of iAs from food is considered the major source of exposure. Here, we explored the association between iAs exposure and children\u2019s respiratory outcomes assessed at 4 and 7 years of age (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 400). The summation of 4-year-old children\u2019s urinary iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) was used as a biomarker of iAs exposure (\u2211As) (median of 4.92 \u03bcg\/L). Children\u2019s occurrence of asthma, eczema, sneeze, wheeze, and medication for asthma and wheeze at each assessment time point (i.e., 4- and 7-year) was assessed with maternal interviewer-led questionnaires. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) were performed to account for the association between natural logarithm transformed (ln) urinary \u2211As in \u03bcg\/L at 4 years and repeated assessments of respiratory symptoms at 4 and 7 years of age. The covariates included in the models were child sex, maternal smoking status, maternal level of education, sub-cohort, and children\u2019s consumption of vegetables, fruits, and fish\/seafood. The GEE\u2014splines function using Poisson regression showed an increased trend of the overall expected counts of respiratory symptoms with high urinary \u2211As. The adjusted expected counts (95% confidence intervals) at ln-transformed urinary \u2211As 1.57 (average concentration) and 4.00 (99\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    percentile concentration) were 0.63 (0.36, 1.10) and 1.33 (0.61, 2.89), respectively. These exploratory findings suggest that even relatively low-iAs exposure levels, relevant to the Spanish and other populations, may relate to an increased number of respiratory symptoms during childhood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T15:02:53Z","timestamp":1662735773000},"page":"e0274215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Arsenic exposure and respiratory outcomes during childhood in the INMA study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-2480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Signes-Pastor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"D\u00edaz-Coto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Martinez-Camblor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1065-4943","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manus","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Soler-Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Villarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-9079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Somoano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Julvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aitana","family":"Lertxundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loreto","family":"Santa Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Meharg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Karagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Vioque-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0274215.ref001","first-page":"527","article-title":"Arsenic, Metals, Fibers and Dusts","volume":"100C","author":"IARC","year":"2012","journal-title":"A review of human carcinogens. 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Vahter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual Review of Nutrition"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.03.012","article-title":"AS3MT, GSTO, and PNP polymorphisms: Impact on arsenic methylation and implications for disease susceptibility","volume":"132","author":"R Antonelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0274215.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.12.016","article-title":"A review on environmental factors regulating arsenic methylation in humans","volume":"235","author":"CH Tseng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2022.100052","article-title":"Arsenic as an environmental and human health antagonist: A review of its toxicity and disease initiation","volume":"5","author":"JO Fatoki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2015.01.010","article-title":"Arsenic in the human food chain, biotransformation and toxicology\u2013Review focusing on seafood arsenic","volume":"31","author":"M Molin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0274215.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-016-0225-7","article-title":"Urinary Arsenic Speciation in Children and Pregnant Women from Spain","volume":"9","author":"AJ Signes-Pastor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.01.030","article-title":"Urinary excretion of arsenicals following daily intake of various seafoods during a two weeks intervention","volume":"66","author":"M Molin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0274215.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.10.009","article-title":"Seafood intake and urine concentrations of total arsenic, dimethylarsinate and arsenobetaine in the US population","volume":"111","author":"A Navas-Acien","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.01.014","article-title":"Arsenic exposure alters lung function and airway inflammation in children: A cohort study in rural Bangladesh","volume":"101","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0274215.ref040","first-page":"39","article-title":"Assessing human exposure to inorganic arsenic in high-arsenic areas of Latium: a biomonitoring study integrated with indicators of dietary intake","volume":"27","author":"F Cubadda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Ig"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.11.078","article-title":"Inorganic arsenic in rice-based products for infants and young children","volume":"191","author":"AJ Signes-Pastor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.07.046","article-title":"Concentrations of urinary arsenic species in relation to rice and seafood consumption among children living in Spain","volume":"159","author":"AJ Signes-Pastor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.07.031","article-title":"Urinary excretion of arsenic following rice consumption","volume":"194","author":"AA Meharg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental pollution"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref044","first-page":"276","article-title":"Infections, Respiratory Symptoms, and Allergy in Relation to Rice Cereal Consumption in a United States Cohort","volume":"3","author":"Y Moroishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref045","unstructured":"CAC. Codex Alimentarious Commission. Report of the eighth session of the codex commitee on contamianats in food. 2014. Available from: ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/codex\/Reports\/Reports{\\_}2014\/REP14{\\_}CFe.pdf"},{"key":"#cr-split#-pone.0274215.ref046.1","unstructured":"EC. Commission Regulation 2015\/1006 of 25 June 2015 amending Regulation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-pone.0274215.ref046.2","unstructured":"(EC) No 1881\/2006 as regards maximum levels of inorganic arsenic in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities. 2015;(1881). Available from: eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ:JOL{\\_}2015{\\_}161{\\_}R{\\_}0006"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref047","author":"FDA","year":"2016","journal-title":"FDA proposes limit for inorganic arsenic in infant rice cereal"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3997","article-title":"Opportunities and Challenges for Dietary Arsenic Intervention","volume":"126","author":"KE Nachman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref049","first-page":"14","article-title":"Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"362","author":"R Chowdhury","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0274215.ref050","unstructured":"INMA. Proyecto INMA. 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 8]. 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