{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:01:14Z","timestamp":1776132074459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K15718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K15718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K09851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K09851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K17149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K17149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K18656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K18656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cleft lip is the most common congenital anomaly worldwide. Nevertheless, lip somatosensory characteristics of patients with cleft lip after cheiloplasty have not yet been determined. The present study used magnetoencephalography to objectively evaluate the lip sensation in patients with unilateral cleft lip to establish a new objective evaluation method.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Participants were 15 patients with unilateral cleft lip after cheiloplasty (UCL group), and 30 healthy young subjects (control group). Five points of the upper and lower lips were stimulated electrically to measure somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs). The sources of the magnetic fields were modeled as single equivalent current dipoles (ECDs). ECDs located on the central sulcus by superimposition on magnetic resonance images were analyzed. Latency and intensity at 50\u201375 ms (cP60m) observed in the UCL group were compared with those in the control group. Thresholds of tactile stimuli in both groups were obtained using Semmes\u2013Weinstein monofilaments for subjective sensory evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No significant difference was found in the intensity of the cP60m or subjective evaluation between the groups. However, the latency of the cP60m was significantly longer in the upper lip of the UCL group than in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>SEFs showed a difference in lip sensation between the UCL group and the control group, suggesting that longer latency might be caused by the effects of surgical scarring on the neurotransmission pathway. These results suggest SEFs as useful for the objective evaluation of lip sensations. This study might improve future surgical procedures and lip functions of patients with cleft lip.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T17:56:40Z","timestamp":1663869400000},"page":"e0274405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Magnetoencephalographic evaluation of repaired lip sensation in patients with cleft lip"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-9164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chihiro","family":"Kitayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8675-5919","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eriya","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Hihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akitake","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobukazu","family":"Nakasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-958X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoshimichi","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akimitsu","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuta","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7744-3879","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Kanetaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0274405.ref001","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.","author":"R Chigurupati","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0274405.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4","article-title":"Cleft lip and palate","volume":"374","author":"PA Mossey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0274405.ref003","first-page":"562892","article-title":"Protocols in cleft lip and palate treatment: systematic review.","volume":"2012","author":"PR de Ladeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Surg Int"},{"key":"pone.0274405.ref004","volume-title":"Cleft Craft: The Evolution of Its Surgery\u2014Vol. I: The Unilateral Deformity.","author":"DR Jr Millard","year":"1976"},{"key":"pone.0274405.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-195512000-00002","article-title":"The quadrilateral Mirault flap operation for hare-lip","volume":"16","author":"AB Le Mesurier","year":"1946","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"pone.0274405.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-195202000-00005","article-title":"The repair of the unilateral cleft lip by the stencil method","volume":"9","author":"CW Tennison","year":"1946","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"pone.0274405.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196006000-00006","article-title":"Complete unilateral clefts of the lip","volume":"25","author":"DR Millard","year":"1960","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull"},{"key":"pone.0274405.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248519","article-title":"Mechanoreceptive afferent activity in the infraorbital nerve in man during speech and chewing movements","volume":"72","author":"RS Johansson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0274405.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810063106","article-title":"Somatosensory function in speech perception","volume":"106","author":"T Ito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0274405.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1597\/06-124.1","article-title":"Functional outcomes of cleft lip surgery. 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