{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:48:12Z","timestamp":1791586092106,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DPG of University of Bras\u00edlia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to verify the presence of<jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>spp., and<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>in two Brazilian swine slaughterhouses, as well as to perform antibiograms, detect virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and evaluate the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>biofilm-forming capability of bacterial isolates from these environments. One<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Typhi isolate and 21<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates were detected, while<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>was not detected.<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi was isolated from the carcass cooling chamber\u2019s floor, resistant to several antimicrobials, including nalidixic acid, cefazolin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and sulfonamide, and contained resistance genes, such as<jats:italic>tet(B)<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tet(C)<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tet(M)<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>. It also showed moderate biofilm-forming capacity at 37\u00b0C after incubating for 72 h. The prevalence of the 21<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates was also the highest on the carcass cooling chamber floor (three of the four samplings [75%]). The<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates were resistant to 12 of the 13 tested antimicrobials, and none showed sensitivity to chloramphenicol, an antimicrobial prohibited in animal feed since 2003 in Brazil. The resistance genes<jats:italic>MCR-1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>MCR-3<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>clmA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>cat1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tet(A)<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tet(B)<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>blaSHV<\/jats:italic>, as well as the virulence genes<jats:italic>stx-1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tir \u03b1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tir \u03b2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tir \u03b3<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>saa<\/jats:italic>were detected in the<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates. Moreover, 5 (23.8%) and 15 (71.4%)<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates presented strong and moderate biofilm-forming capacity, respectively. In general, the biofilm-forming capacity increased after incubating for 72 h at 10\u00b0C. The biofilm-forming capacity was the lowest after incubating for 24 h at 37\u00b0C. Due to the presence of resistance and virulence genes, multi-antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming capacity, the results of this study suggest a risk to the public health as these pathogens are associated with foodborne diseases, which emphasizes the hazard of resistance gene propagation in the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T17:41:49Z","timestamp":1663695709000},"page":"e0274636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Molecular characterization and biofilm-formation analysis of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli isolated from Brazilian swine slaughterhouses"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8051-501X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca Lavarini","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia Fernanda Agostinho","family":"Davanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4958-2569","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joana Marchesini","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virg\u00edlio Hip\u00f3lito de Lemos","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayanna Maria Boaventura","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno St\u00e9fano Lima","family":"Dallago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Perecmanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4969-9831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c2ngela Patr\u00edcia","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0274636.ref001","unstructured":"Brasil. 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