{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:48:55Z","timestamp":1787813335053,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HI19C0481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI19C0481"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HC19C0226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HC19C0226"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effect of continuous ketamine administration in patients admitted to medical and cardiac intensive care units (ICUs) and received mechanical ventilation support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study between March 2012 and June 2020 at an academy-affiliated tertiary hospital. Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation support for over 24 h and continuous ketamine infusion for at least 8 h were included. The primary outcome was immediate hemodynamic safety after continuous ketamine infusion. The secondary outcomes included immediate delirium, pain, and use of sedation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of all 12,534 medical and cardiac ICU patients, 564 were eligible for the analysis. Ketamine was used for 33.3 (19.0\u201367.5) h and the median continuous infusion dose was 0.11 (0.06\u20130.23) mcg\/kg\/h. Of all patients, 469 (83.2%) received continuous ketamine infusion concomitant with analgosedation. Blood pressure and vasopressor inotropic scores did not change after continuous ketamine infusion. Heart rate decreased significantly from 106.9 (91.4\u2013120.9) at 8 h before ketamine initiation to 99.8% (83.9\u2013114.4) at 24 h after ketamine initiation. In addition, the respiratory rate decreased from 21.7 (18.6\u201325.4) at 8 h before ketamine initiation to 20.1 (17.0\u201323.0) at 24 h after ketamine initiation. Overall opioid usage was significantly reduced: 3.0 (0.0\u20136.0) mcg\/kg\/h as fentanyl equivalent dose at 8 h before ketamine initiation to 1.0 (0.0\u20134.1) mcg\/kg\/h as fentanyl equivalent dose at 24 h post-ketamine initiation. However, the use of sedatives and antipsychotic medications did not decrease. In addition, ketamine did not increase the incidence of delirium within 24 h after ketamine infusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ketamine may be a safe and feasible analgesic for medical and cardiac ICU patients who received mechanical ventilation support as an opioid-sparing agent without adverse hemodynamic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T14:26:56Z","timestamp":1663856816000},"page":"e0274865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Safety and feasibility of continuous ketamine infusion for analgosedation in medical and cardiac ICU patients who received mechanical ventilation support: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-5483","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hohyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihye","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Young","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hoon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gee Young","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoung-Eun","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-307X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chi Ryang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0274865.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e825","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation\/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU","volume":"46","author":"JW Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"pone.0274865.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003071","article-title":"Sedation Intensity in the First 48 Hours of Mechanical Ventilation and 180-Day Mortality: A Multinational Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study","volume":"46","author":"Y Shehabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care 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