{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:26:47Z","timestamp":1775096807301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Foundation","award":["SKLVBF201904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLVBF201904"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic> is a gram-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans. The spores are extremely hardy and may remain viable for many years in soil. Previous studies have identified East Qinghai and neighbouring Gansu in northwest China as a potential source of anthrax infection. This study was carried out to identify conditions and areas in the Qinghai Lake basin that are environmentally suitable for <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anthracis<\/jats:italic> distribution. Anthrax occurrence data from 2005\u20132016 and environmental variables were spatially modeled by a maximum entropy algorithm to evaluate the contribution of the variables to the distribution of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anthracis<\/jats:italic>. Principal Component Analysis and Variance Inflation Analysis were adopted to limit the number of environmental variables and minimize multicollinearity. Model performance was evaluated using AUC (area under the curve) ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curves. The three variables that contributed most to the suitability model for <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anthracis<\/jats:italic> are a relatively high annual mean temperature of -2 to 0\u00b0C, (53%), soil type classified as; cambisols and kastanozems (35%), and a high human population density of 40 individuals per km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (12%). The resulting distribution map identifies the permanently inhabited rim of the Qinghai Lake as highly suitable for <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anthracis<\/jats:italic>. Our environmental suitability map and the identified variables provide the nature reserve managers and animal health authorities readily available information to devise both surveillance strategy and control strategy (administration of vaccine to livestock) in <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anthracis<\/jats:italic> suitable regions to abate future epidemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T17:39:56Z","timestamp":1665769196000},"page":"e0275261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modeling the environmental suitability for Bacillus anthracis in the Qinghai Lake Basin, China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Temitope Emmanuel","family":"Arotolu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HaoNing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JiaNing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hein van","family":"Gils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LiYa","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9293-5289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"XiaoLong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0275261.ref001","volume-title":"Anthrax in humans and animals","author":"WHO","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0275261.ref002","first-page":"14","article-title":"Epidemiology of Human Anthrax in China, 1955\u20132014","volume":"23","author":"Y. 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