{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:35:08Z","timestamp":1783067708932,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005068","name":"Jimma University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IHRPGD\/3012\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IHRPGD\/3012\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Depression is the most common mental health problem, and frequently associated with physical illnesses. A link between depression, dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori (<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>) infection has previously been reported. However, there is limited data regarding the association between these conditions from sub-Saharan Africa where they are highly prevalent.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed at elucidating the potential associations between depression, dyspepsia and <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving urban and rural residents aged 13 years or older in Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. A total of 871 participants were evaluated using a structured case reporting format for symptoms of dyspepsia and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. Additionally, participants were assessed for <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> infection using stool antigen and serology tests. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection after controlling for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of PHQ-9 scores indicative of probable case of depression among all participants was 10.9%. The prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had at least one symptom of dyspepsia was 13.3% (X<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 15.1 = p-value&lt;0.001), while it was 11.9% (X<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 1.23, p-value = 0.26) among patients who had <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Out of patients who took medications for their heartburn in the past 30 days, 14.9% (X<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 3.6, p-value = 0.06) had probable case of depression. Dyspepsia symptoms such as epigastric discomfort (aOR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.14, 5.87), postprandial fullness (aOR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.48, 5.51), nausea (aOR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.04, 2.82) excessive belching (aOR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.31, 0.92) were associated with probable case of depression. However, being <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> test positive, gender, and age were not associated with probable case of depression.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was an increased prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had dyspepsia symptoms and <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine possible further determinants of association between symptoms of dyspepsia and probable case of depression.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T17:26:43Z","timestamp":1665077203000},"page":"e0275424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Depression among people with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection: A community based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2820-0947","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matiwos","family":"Soboka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esayas 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