{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:07:57Z","timestamp":1789999677963,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG024968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG024968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Previous observational studies assessing \u03b22-agonist\/-antagonist use on PD risk have yielded conflicting results. We evaluated the relationship between \u03b22-agonist use and the incidence of Parkinson\u2019s disease in patients with chronic lung disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort analysis on a 20% random sample abstracted from a traditional (fee-for-service) Medicare program in the United States. Inclusion criteria were individuals over 65 years old diagnosed with asthma, COPD, and\/or bronchiectasis who were enrolled in a prescription drug (standalone Part D) plan over 2007\u20132010 and alive through 2014. The main outcome measure was a diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease over the period 2011\u20132014, in relation to the number of 30-day-equivalent drug claims over 2007\u20132010. Logistic regression analysis was performed on a sample including 236,201 Medicare beneficiaries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The sample was 68% female, 80% white, and on average 77 years old as of 2010. Compared to non-users, \u03b22-agonist users were more likely to be younger (76.3y versus 78.0y), smokers (40.4% versus 31.1%) and asthmatic (62.4% versus 28.3%). The odds ratio for a \u03b22-agonist claim on PD development was 0.986 (95% CI 0.977\u20130.995) after adjusting for demographics, smoking history, respiratory exacerbations, comorbidities, and other drug use. Risk reductions were larger for males than females (0.974 versus 0.994, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.032), and for individuals with COPD compared to those with asthma (0.968 versus 0.998, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049). Reverse causality was addressed with a Cox analysis that allowed \u03b22-agonist use to vary from medication initiation to disease onset. By the end of the follow-up period, \u03b22-agonist use was shown to be associated with a true protective effect against PD onset.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\u03b22-agonist use is associated with decreased risk of PD incidence. Further investigation, possibly including clinical trials, is warranted to strengthen the evidence base supporting clinical decision-makers looking to repurpose pharmaceuticals to prevent neurodegenerative disease onset.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T18:46:04Z","timestamp":1669661164000},"page":"e0276368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between use of \u00df2-adrenergic receptor agonists and incidence of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Retrospective cohort analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1640-4280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hasan","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8498-6396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dana","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0596-5867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John","family":"Romley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0276368.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70471-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"LM de Lau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0276368.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27063","article-title":"Projection of the prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease in the coming decades: Revisited","volume":"33","author":"A Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0276368.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25292","article-title":"The current and projected economic burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease in the United States","volume":"28","author":"SL Kowal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0276368.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"J. 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