{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:34:28Z","timestamp":1784997268772,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>High-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows the detection of macular pathology and involvement of the optic nerve in a wide spectrum of diseases. For the differentiation of diseased and healthy status, normal values of retinal layer segmentation are critical. Yet, normative values mostly cover adult populations with only sparse data for paediatric cohorts. We present data of retinal layer characteristics via OCT in a healthy paediatric cohort.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This prospective cross-sectional study screened 75 healthy children (male = 42, female = 33, range 4\u201317 years) without visual problems. OCT was performed with a peripapillary ring and macula scan protocol to determine paediatric normative values for routine parameters (peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL), total macular volume (TMV), macular retinal thickness (RT)). The macula scan (6mm grid) was segmented using the device-inherent automated segmentation software (Heidelberg Eye Explorer) for retinal layers: RNFL, ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL) in 9 segments each and mean of the 9 segments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We obtained OCT data of 72 children with mean age 12.49 years (standard deviation, SD, 2.18; minimum 3.93). Mean global pRNFL was 102.20 \u03bcm (SD 8.24), mean TMV 8.81 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (0.30) and mean RT (all segments) 318.22 \u03bcm (10.19). Segmented macular retinal layer thicknesses (mean of all segments) were: RNFL 27.67 \u03bcm (2.14), GCL 41.94 \u03bcm (2.50), IPL 34.97 \u03bcm (2.10), INL 35.18 \u03bcm (2.15), OPL 29.06 \u03bcm (2.24), ONL 68.35 \u03bcm (6.20).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The OCT is a useful non-invasive imaging technique for the examination of the retina in children with short duration, high imaging resolution and no known adverse effects. Normative values may serve as a comparator for different neuropaediatric disorders and are first presented with this study using an up-to-date and standardized OCT imaging technique.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T17:36:34Z","timestamp":1667496994000},"page":"e0276958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Retinal layer segmentation in a cohort of healthy children via optical coherence tomography"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna-Katharina","family":"Runge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Remlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Abegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ferrazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Br\u00fcgger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Weigt-Usinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"L\u00fccke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4751-299X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anke","family":"Salmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0276958.ref001","first-page":"35","article-title":"OCT Gains Ground in Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"L Baker-Schena","year":"2016","journal-title":".American Academy of Ophthalmology, EyeNet Magazine, Paediatric Ophthalmology Clinical Update"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0276958.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008738","article-title":"Homonymous hemiatrophy of ganglion cell layer from retrochiasmal lesions in the visual pathway","volume":"94","author":"F M\u00fchlemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0276958.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.7.899","article-title":"Retinal thickness decreases with age: an OCT study","volume":"87","author":"B Alamouti","year":"2003","journal-title":"The British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0276958.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181c4b0c7","article-title":"Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Normals Measured by Spectral Domain Oct","volume":"19","author":"D Bendschneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Glaucoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0276958.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.046","article-title":"Determinants of Normal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Stratus OCT","volume":"114","author":"DL Budenz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0276958.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180450","article-title":"Normative database for separate inner retinal layers thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Caucasian population.","volume":"12","author":"M Nieves-Moreno","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0276958.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.216","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer and optic disc measurements by spectral domain OCT: normative values and associations in young adults","volume":"26","author":"YM Tariq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"pone.0276958.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-53","article-title":"Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in children: normative data and biometric correlations","volume":"14","author":"C Al-Haddad","year":"2014","journal-title":". 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