{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T19:07:39Z","timestamp":1782328059718,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>University students are known to have risky sexual behaviours (RSBs). The severity of the RSB is influenced by many factors, including the family environment, exposure to adverse childhood events (ACEs), and the use of addictive substances. However, there is limited information about the influence of ACEs and the family environment of these students in low-and medium-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, a pilot study was conducted among university students from a LMIC, Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study comprised a cross-sectional online survey among Ugandan students at a public university (N = 316; 75% male; 52.2% aged between 18\u201322 years). The survey included questions relating to socio-demographic information, family environmental information, the Sexual Risk Survey (SRS), and the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Over half (53.8%) reported having had sexual intercourse. Males reported over two times higher mean total SRS score compared to females (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 4.06, <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.044). Approximately one-sixth of the sample had drunk alcohol or used illicit psychoactive substances in the past six months (16.1%). Among four regression analysis models, sociodemographic variables predicted the highest variance (13%), followed by family environment variables (10%), and both psychoactive substance use history (past six months) and ACEs individually explained approximately 5% variance in total SRS score, with the final model predicting 33% of the variance in RSB.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study demonstrated a gender disparity with males involved in more RSB than females, as has been reported in most previous RSB studies. Family environment, sociodemographic factors, substance use, and ACEs all appear to contribute to RSB among university students. These findings will benefit other researchers exploring factors associated with RSB among university students and will help develop interventions to reduce RSB to protect students from unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV\/AIDS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T18:28:28Z","timestamp":1668623308000},"page":"e0277129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Risky sexual behaviours among Ugandan university students: A pilot study exploring the role of adverse childhood experiences, substance use history, and family environment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4733-154X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark Mohan","family":"Kaggwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7760-7535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Moses","family":"Muwanguzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Maria","family":"Najjuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elicana","family":"Nduhuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kajjimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1728-8966","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Mamun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innocent","family":"Arinaitwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scholastic","family":"Ashaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-6524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0277129.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-18","article-title":"Predictors of sexual abstinence among Wolaita Sodo University Students, South Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"T Gelibo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0277129.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-162","article-title":"Perception of risk of HIV and sexual risk behaviors among University students: Implication for planning interventions","volume":"7","author":"Y Shiferaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0277129.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-008-9388-z","article-title":"Measurement of sexual risk taking among college students","volume":"38","author":"JA Turchik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0277129.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2013-0515","article-title":"University students and the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in Uganda: the Crane survey","volume":"26","author":"GW Rutherford","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health"},{"key":"pone.0277129.ref005","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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