{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T20:16:17Z","timestamp":1787688977776,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010771","name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft und Ern\u00e4hrung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2814HS006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2814HS006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The here presented investigation was part of a cross-sectional study on dairy cattle health aiming to identify risk factors for animal health and welfare. Within this setting, we chose a social-science related approach to explore German dairy farmers\u2019 personality composition in a variable-centered and person-centered approach. We have assessed German dairy farmers\u2019 personalities based on the HEXACO model of personality in three representative regional samples. In total, 765 farm visits were conducted within two and half years (north n = 253; east n = 252; south n = 260). The proportions of returned questionnaires eligible for analysis (i.e., answered completely) were 71.54% (n = 181), 68.25% (n = 172) and 86.92% (n = 226) for the northern, eastern and southern samples, respectively. Variable-centered personality analyses revealed the farmers\u2019 structure of personality to be similar within all samples. Overall, we found the farmers to be averagely emotional and agreeable, whereas the results indicate tendencies for a pronounced display of extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience. Compared to the German general population, dairy farmers appear to be more extraverted and open to experience. We could not deduce a subcategorization of farmers in different latent personality profiles in person-centered analysis. Our findings provide a basis for further evaluation of the farmers\u00b4 personality as an influencing factor for farm outcomes (e.g., productivity, animal health and welfare). Furthermore, we provide a glance and encourage interdisciplinary research to link personality information with communication theory aiming to enhance effectiveness of veterinary consultancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T19:10:33Z","timestamp":1669230633000},"page":"e0277219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Large-scale assessment of German dairy farmers\u00b4 personality and resulting ideas for improving veterinary consultancy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-4705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Friedemann","family":"Adler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amely","family":"Campe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0277219.ref001","first-page":"45","article-title":"A study to determine the herdsmans personality on milk yield","volume":"1","author":"MF Seabrook","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the British Society for agricultural labour science"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15037","article-title":"Invited review: Examining farmers\u2019 personalities and attitudes as possible risk factors for dairy cattle health, welfare, productivity, and farm management: A systematic scoping review","volume":"102","author":"F Adler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1369-6513.2002.00179.x","article-title":"Health Care Communication Using Personality Type: Patients are Different! Health Expectations","volume":"5","author":"J Allen","year":"2002","journal-title":"An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2011.547162","article-title":"Challenging the myth of the irrational dairy farmer; understanding decision-making related to herd health","volume":"59","author":"E Kristensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2003.10.001","article-title":"Categorising farming values as economic, conservation and lifestyle.","volume":"26","author":"D Maybery","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Econ. Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868306294907","article-title":"Empirical, Theoretical, and Practical Advantages of the HEXACO Model of Personality Structure","volume":"11","author":"MC Ashton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2017.08.003","article-title":"V. Paunonen, S. Taking a Person-Centered Approach to Personality: A Latent-Profile Analysis of the HEXACO Model of Personality","volume":"70","author":"K Daljeet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref008","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Final Report: PraeRi, Animal health, hygiene and biosecurity in German dairy cow operations\u2013A prevalence Study","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Accessed Sept"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.09.003","article-title":"The 24-item Brief HEXACO Inventory (BHI).","volume":"47","author":"RE De Vries","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref010","first-page":"2009","volume-title":"Veterinary Epidemiologic Research.","author":"I Dohoo"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575602","article-title":"PROC LCA: A SAS Procedure for Latent Class Analysis.","volume":"14","author":"ST Lanza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref012","volume-title":"Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis","author":"L.M. Collins","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109003991","article-title":"The relationship between the stockperson\u2019s personality and attitudes and the productivity of dairy cows","volume":"3","author":"D Hanna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.17221\/4162-CJAS","article-title":"Associations of stockpersons\u2019 personalities and attitudes with performance of dairy cattle herds","volume":"50","author":"JLP Arias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Czech Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2142","article-title":"Personality, Religion, and Politics: An Investigation in 33","volume":"32","author":"K Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Countries. European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/per.408","article-title":"Carving personality description at its joints: Confirmation of three replicable personality prototypes for both children and adults","volume":"15","author":"JB Asendorpf","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/per.449","article-title":"Evaluating cluster analysis solutions: an application to the Italian NEO personality inventory","volume":"16","author":"C Barbaranelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036863","article-title":"On the consistency of personality types across adulthood: Latent profile analyses in two large-scale panel studies.","volume":"107","author":"J Specht","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.09.004","article-title":"A person-centric investigation of personality types, job performance, and attrition","volume":"104","author":"JM Conte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/per.557","article-title":"Beyond resilients, undercontrollers, and overcontrollers? An extension of personality prototype research","volume":"20","author":"PY Herzberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001.28.3.138","article-title":"A Head-to-Head Comparison of Big-Five Types and Traits in the Prediction of Social Attitudes","volume":"28","author":"M Roth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001.30.4.181","article-title":"An Investigation of Personality Types within the HEXACO Personality Framework","volume":"30","author":"MC Ashton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2054","article-title":"Self-Regulation and Personality Profiles: Empirical Development, Longitudinal Stability and Predictive Ability","volume":"30","author":"L Isler","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"pone.0277219.ref024","author":"J Allen","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T19:10:50Z","timestamp":1669230650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277219"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ismail Ayoade","family":"Odetokun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277219","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]}}}