{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:00:04Z","timestamp":1784300404598,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prevalent nosocomial illness in mechanically ventilated patients. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of bacterial profiles from Endotracheal Tubes of patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit in southwest Iran. According to the standard operating method, the microbiological laboratory conducts bacteria culture and susceptibility testing on endotracheal Tube samples suspected of carrying a bacterial infection. The Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) techniques are used to determine the Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacterial isolates to antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The crystal violet staining method was used to assess the biofilm-forming potential of isolates in a 96-well microtiter plate. In total, (51%) GPBs were included in this study. The isolated GPB were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (16%), S. aureus (14%). In total, (40%) of GNB were included in this study. The isolated GNB were Klebsiella spp. (36%), A. baumannii (22%), P. aeruginosa (35%). (32%) bacterial strains were MDR and (29%) strains were XDR. The results of biofilm formation showed (72%) were biofilm producers. VAP is a common and severe nosocomial infection in mechanically ventilated patients. Controlling biofilm formation, whether on the ET or in the oropharyngeal cavity, is thus an important technique for treating VAP. Colistin and linezolid are antibiotics that are effective against practically all resistant GNB and GPB isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T18:43:15Z","timestamp":1668710595000},"page":"e0277329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of bacterial profile from endotracheal tube of patients admitted to intensive care unit in southwest of Iran"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Dargahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas Abdullah","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Farajzade","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Ahmad Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahla","family":"Samei Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moloudsadat","family":"Motahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Jahangiri","family":"Mehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Meghdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pejman","family":"Bakhtiyariniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Heydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melika","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3947-146X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aram","family":"Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0277329.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2478\/jccm-2018-0011","article-title":"Endotracheal tube biofilm and its impact on the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"4","author":"O Diaconu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0277329.ref002","article-title":"Review Ventilator associated pneumonia (2012) Hunter","volume":"344","journal-title":"JDBMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0277329.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0323-3","article-title":"Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital","volume":"7","author":"JB Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"pone.0277329.ref004","first-page":"S64","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus in the intensive care unit: are these golden grapes ripe for a new approach?","volume":"215","author":"GR Sampedro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J of infect dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0277329.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2019.04.001","article-title":"Emergence of antibiotic resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit; 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