{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:11:24Z","timestamp":1787897484763,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service Research Trust","award":["Development Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Development Grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nCorrectional centres provide ideal conditions for tuberculosis (TB) transmission and disease progression. Despite the high TB incidence and incarceration rate in South Africa, data from South African correctional centres are scarce. Thus, the study evaluated TB diagnosis, treatment initiation and completion, and identified prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> strains among detainees entering a South African correctional centre.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nThis study was a prospective observational study that enrolled participants between February and September 2017 from a correctional centre located in the Western Cape, South Africa. All adult male detainees who tested positive for TB during admission screening were eligible to participate in the study. Sputum samples from enrolled participants underwent smear microscopy and culture. Strain typing was performed on culture-positive samples. The time between specimen collection and diagnosis, the time between diagnosis and treatment initiation, and the proportion of detainees completing TB treatment at the correctional centre were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nDuring the study period, 130 TB cases were detected through routine admission screening (126 male, 2 female, 2 juvenile). Out of the 126 eligible male detainees, 102 were enrolled in the study (81%, 102\/126). All TB cases were detected within 30 hrs of admission screening. The majority (78%, 80\/102) of participants started treatment within 48 hrs of TB diagnosis. However, only 8% (9\/102) of participants completed treatment at the correction centre. Sputa from 90 of the 102 participants were available for smear and culture. There was a high smear positivity, with 49% (44\/90) of isolates being smear positive. The Beijing family was the most frequent lineage (55.2%) in the study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nThe strengths of the current TB control efforts at the correctional centre include rapid detection of cases through admission screening and prompt treatment initiation. However, a high number of detainees exiting before treatment completion highlights the need to strengthen links between correctional TB services and community TB services to ensure detainees complete TB treatment after release and prevent TB transmission.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T18:27:12Z","timestamp":1668191232000},"page":"e0277459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tuberculosis control at a South African correctional centre: Diagnosis, treatment and strain characterisation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-6146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Baird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halima","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik J.","family":"Koornhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano Gianmaria","family":"Duse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0277459.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047533","article-title":"Tuberculosis and poverty: why are the poor at greater risk in India?","volume":"7","author":"O Oxlade","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0277459.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.199505","article-title":"The social determinants of tuberculosis: from evidence to action","volume":"101","author":"JR Hargreaves","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0277459.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.03.041","article-title":"Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: the role of risk factors and social determinants","volume":"68","author":"K L\u00f6nnroth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"pone.0277459.ref004","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Prison health","author":"M Dara","year":"2014"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0277459.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000381","article-title":"Tuberculosis incidence in prisons: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"I Baussano","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0277459.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v83i1.9357","article-title":"Pulmonary tuberculosis in the Central Prison of Douala, Cameroon","volume":"83","author":"J Noeske","year":"2006","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"pone.0277459.ref007","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0277459.ref008","article-title":"Judicial Inspectorate for Correctional Services annual report for the period 01 April 2015 to 31 March 2016. 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