{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:56:42Z","timestamp":1779173802809,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital COVID-19 Emergency Response Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Information on the long-term pulmonary sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prospective cohort study of hospitalized and non-hospitalized adult patients age &gt;18 with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR three months prior to enrolment between June and December 2020. Participants underwent full pulmonary function test (PFT), cardiopulmonary exercise testing at 3 months and 6 months. Primary outcome was mean differences of forced vital capacity (FVC), diffuse capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and oxygen consumption (VO2) at 6 vs. 3 months. Secondary outcomes were respiratory outcomes classified into 5 clinical groups\u2013no lung disease, resolved lung disease, persistent lung disease, PFT abnormalities attributable to pre-existing lung disease or other factors, and mild PFT abnormalities of uncertain clinical significance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fifty-one, 30 hospitalized and 21 non-hospitalized, participants were included. Median age was 51 years; 20 (39.2%) were female. Mean (\u00b1SD) percent predicted values of FVC, DLCO and VO2 at 3 vs 6-month-visits were 96.2 \u00b1 15.6 vs. 97.6 \u00b1 15.5, 73.74 \u00b118 vs. 78.5 \u00b1 15.5, and 75.5 \u00b1 18.9 vs. 76.1 \u00b1 21.5, respectively. Nineteen (37%) patients had physiologic and\/or radiographic evidence of lung disease at 3 months with eight (15.7%) continuing to have persistent disease at 6 months. History of diabetes, hypertension, ICU admission and elevated D-Dimer levels were associated with persistent lung disease at 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Persistent lung disease at 6 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection exists. Changes of lung function between 3- and 6-months are not significant. A longer follow-up is required to determine long-term prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T18:41:36Z","timestamp":1668710496000},"page":"e0277624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pulmonary sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection and factors associated with persistent abnormal lung function at six months after infection: Prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bashour","family":"Yazji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nha","family":"Voduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Mulpuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6648-5109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juthaporn","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0277624.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients","volume":"382","author":"L Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine. Massachusetts Medical Society"},{"key":"pone.0277624.ref002","unstructured":"Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 14]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/commentaries\/detail\/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations."},{"key":"pone.0277624.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05762-w","article-title":"Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).","volume":"35","author":"F Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0277624.ref004","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"H Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0277624.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan M V, McGroder C, Stevens JS, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z"},{"key":"pone.0277624.ref006","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus outbreaks after hospitalization or ICU admission: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"H Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0277624.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2020.10.013","article-title":"Respiratory function in patients post-infection by COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"R Torres-Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"issue":"46","key":"pone.0277624.ref008","article-title":"Three-month Follow-up Study of Survivors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 after Discharge","volume":"35","author":"L Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"pone.0277624.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003481","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03481-2020","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19: an observational prospective multicentre trial","volume":"57","author":"T Sonnweber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0277624.ref010","article-title":"3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalization: a prospective study","volume":"9","author":"X Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0277624.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00383-0","article-title":"Physical, cognitive, and mental health impacts of COVID-19 after hospitalisation (PHOSP-COVID): a UK multicentre, prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"RA Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0277624.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202012-1489RL","article-title":"Symptoms, Pulmonary Function and Functional Capacity Four Months after COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"SJ Abdallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T18:41:54Z","timestamp":1668710514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277624"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rano Mal","family":"Piryani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]}}}