{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:06:49Z","timestamp":1767841609929,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014132","name":"European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air-conducted ultrasound (&gt; 17.8 kHz; US) is produced by an increasing number of technical devices in our daily environment. While several studies indicate that exposure to US in public spaces can lead to subjective symptoms such as \u2018annoyance\u2019 or \u2018difficulties in concentration\u2019, the effects of US on brain activity are poorly understood. In the present study, individual hearing thresholds (HT) for sounds in the US frequency spectrum were assessed in 21 normal-hearing participants. The effects of US were then investigated by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 15 of these participants underwent three resting-state acquisitions, two with a 21.5 kHz tone presented monaurally at 5 dB above (ATC) and 10 dB below (BTC) the HT and one without auditory stimulation (NTC), as well as three runs of an n-back working memory task involving similar stimulus conditions (n-ATC, n-BTC, n-NTC). Comparing data gathered during n-NTC vs. fixation, we found that task performance was associated with the recruitment of regions within the cognitive control network, including prefrontal and parietal areas as well as the cerebellum. Direct contrasts of the two stimulus conditions (n-ATC &amp; n-BTC) vs. n-NTC showed no significant differences in brain activity, irrespective of whether a whole-brain or a region of interest approach with primary auditory cortex as the seed was used. Likewise, no differences were found when the resting-state runs were compared. However, contrast analysis (n-BTC vs. n-ATC) revealed a strong activation in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, triangular part) only when US was presented below the HT (p &lt; 0.001, cluster &gt; 30). In addition, IFG activation was also associated with faster reaction times during n-BTC (p = 0.033) as well as with verbal reports obtained after resting-state, i.e., the more unpleasant sound was perceived during BTC vs. ATC, the higher activation in bilateral IFG was and vice versa (p = 0.003). While this study provides no evidence for activation of primary auditory cortex in response to audible US (even though participants heard the sounds), it indicates that US can lead to changes in the cognitive control network and affect cognitive performance only when presented below the HT. Activation of bilateral IFG could reflect an increase in cognitive demand when focusing on task performance in the presence of slightly unpleasant and\/or distracting US that may not be fully controllable by attentional mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T18:58:44Z","timestamp":1670957924000},"page":"e0277727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Air-conducted ultrasound below the hearing threshold elicits functional changes in the cognitive control network"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0120-5855","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus","family":"Weichenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion U.","family":"Bug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Br\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Ittermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0277727.ref001","first-page":"20150624","article-title":"Are some people suffering as a result of increasing mass exposure of the public to ultrasound in air?","volume":"472","author":"T.G. Leighton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0277727.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5063817","article-title":"Public exposure to ultrasound and very high-frequency sound in air","volume":"144","author":"M.D. Fletcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0277727.ref003","first-page":"39","article-title":"Ultrasound in air\u2014Experimental studies of the underlying physics are difficult when the only sensors reporting contemporaneous data are human beings","volume":"73","author":"T.G. Leighton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0277727.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1121\/AT.2020.16.3.17","article-title":"Public Exposure to airborne ultrasound and Very High Frequency sound","volume":"16","author":"T.G. Leighton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acoust. Today"},{"issue":"Part 2","key":"pone.0277727.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultrasonic surveillance monitoring of PA systems, a safety feature or audible hazard?","volume":"38","author":"P. Mapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Acoust"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref006","unstructured":"Mapp, P., 2017. Potential audibility and effects of ultrasonic surveillance monitoring of PA and life safety sound systems, in Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper 9776, Presented at the 142nd Convention, Berlin, Germany."},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref007","article-title":"Investigation on high-frequency noise in public space.\u2013We tried noise abatement measures for displeasure people","author":"M. Ueda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. of the 7th Forum Acusticum"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5063987","article-title":"Assessment of short-term exposure to an ultrasonic rodent repellent device","volume":"144","author":"A. Van Wieringen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref009","first-page":"20160828","article-title":"Comment on \u2018Are some people suffering as a result of increasing mass exposure of the public to ultrasound in air?","volume":"473","author":"T.G. Leighton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3109\/00206098409070087","article-title":"Ultrahigh-frequency auditory thresholds in young adults: Reliable responses up to 24 kHz with a quasi-free-field technique","volume":"23","author":"K.R. Henry","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2761883","article-title":"Hearing thresholds for pure tones above 16 kHz","volume":"122","author":"K. Ashihara","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0277727.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2018-0048","article-title":"Does airborne ultrasound lead to an activation of the auditory cortex?","volume":"64","author":"R. K\u00fchler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0277727.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2013.11076978","article-title":"Effects of ultrasonic noise on the human body- A bibliographic review","volume":"19","author":"B. Smagowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0277727.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5063819","article-title":"Effects of very high-frequency sound and ultrasound on humans. Part I: Adverse symptoms after exposure to audible very-high frequency sound.","volume":"144","author":"M.D. Fletcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0277727.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5063818","article-title":"Effects of very high-frequency sound and ultrasound on humans. Part II: A double-blind randomized provocation study of inaudible 20-kHz ultrasound.","volume":"144","author":"M.D. Fletcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83527-z","article-title":"A longitudinal, randomized experimental pilot study to investigate the effects of airborne ultrasound on human mental health, cognition, and brain structure","volume":"11","author":"L. Ascone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0277727.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0174420","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174420","article-title":"Altered cortical and subcortical connectivity due to infrasound administered near the hearing threshold\u2013Evidence from fMRI","volume":"12","author":"M. Weichenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1911574","volume":"45","author":"R.B. Masterton","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(95)00031-X","article-title":"What middle ear parameters tell about impedance matching and high frequency hearing","volume":"85","author":"S. Hemil\u00e4","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hear. Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0277727.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13206","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202492699","article-title":"The roles of the external, middle, and inner ears in determining the bandwidth of hearing","volume":"99","author":"M.A. Ruggero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21063","article-title":"Cortical representation of tympanic membrane movements due to pressure variation: an fMRI Study","volume":"32","author":"A. Job","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78683-9","article-title":"Activation of the auditory cortex by ultrasound","volume":"351","author":"H. Hosoi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00086-6","article-title":"The auditory evoked magnetic fields to very high frequency tones","volume":"112","author":"T. Fujioka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0277727.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78889-9","article-title":"High-frequency sound components of high-resolution audio are not detected in auditory sensory memory","volume":"10","author":"H. Nittono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071043098","article-title":"Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function","volume":"98","author":"D.A. Gusnard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","article-title":"The brain\u2019s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease","volume":"1124","author":"R.L. Buckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01535","article-title":"What goes on in the resting- state? A qualitative glimpse into resting-state experience in the scanner","volume":"6","author":"R.T. Hurlburt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"issue":"41","key":"pone.0277727.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13949","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1324-15.2015","article-title":"State and Trait Components of Functional Connectivity: Individual Differences Vary with Mental State","volume":"35","author":"L. Geerlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"R. Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0277727.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31270-2","article-title":"Equivalent volume: study in subjects with chronic otitis media","volume":"71","author":"A.P.T. Alencar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref031","unstructured":"ISO 8253\u20132, \u201cAcoustics\u2014audiometric test methods. - 2 Sound field audiometry with pure tone and narrow-band test signals,\u201d International Organization for Standardization, Geneva Switzerland, 1992."},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3109\/00016484709123756","article-title":"A New Audiometer.","volume":"35","author":"G. B\u00e9k\u00e9sy","year":"1947","journal-title":"Acta. Oto-Laryngol"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.08.001","article-title":"Brief bursts of infrasound may improve cognitive function\u2014An fMRI study","volume":"328","author":"M. Weichenberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear. Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0277727.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13","article-title":"Comparison of beck depression inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients","volume":"67","author":"A.T. Beck","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref035","volume-title":"Measuring Anxiety and Anger with the State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the State-trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI).","author":"C.D. Spielberger","year":"1999"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref036","article-title":"BFI-s: big five inventory-SOEP.","author":"J. Schupp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref037","first-page":"1","article-title":"DPARSF: A MATLAB toolbox for \u201cpipeline\u201d data analysis of resting-state fMRI.","volume":"4","author":"C.G. Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. System. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409","article-title":"Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI","volume":"34","author":"B. Biswal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.030","article-title":"Regional homogeneity approach to fMRI data analysis","volume":"22","author":"Y. Zang","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000195666.22714.35","article-title":"Decreased regional homogeneity in schizophrenia: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"17","author":"H. Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20622","article-title":"Regional homogeneity changes in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"T. Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21108","article-title":"Abnormal regional spontaneous neural activity in treatment-refractory depression revealed by resting-state fMRI","volume":"32","author":"Q.Z. Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0313","article-title":"Functional clustering: identifying strongly interactive brain regions in neuroimaging data","volume":"7","author":"G. Tononi","year":"1998","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1209","article-title":"A spatial\u2013temporal regression model for the analysis of functional MRI data","volume":"17","author":"K. Katanoda","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref045","volume-title":"Rank Correlation Methods","author":"M. Kendall","year":"1990"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref046","article-title":"Simultaneous inference for fMRI data. AFNI AlphaSim Documentation.","author":"B.D. Ward","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medical College of Wisconsin"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0715","article-title":"Human primary auditory cortex: Cytoarchitectonic subdivisions and mapping into a spatial reference system","volume":"13","author":"P. Morosan","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref048","volume-title":"Oxford psychology series, No. 11. Working memory.","author":"A. Baddeley","year":"1986"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196323","article-title":"The Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Working-Memory Capacity, Executive Attention, and General Fluid Intelligence: An Individual-Differences Perspective.","volume":"9","author":"M.J. Kane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychon. B. Rev"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196772","article-title":"Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user\u2019s guide","volume":"12","author":"A.R. Conway","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychon. B. Rev"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0247","article-title":"A parametric study of prefrontal cortex involvement in human working memory","volume":"6","author":"T.S. Braver","year":"1997","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.133.2.189","article-title":"The generality of working-memory capacity: A latent-variable approach to verbal and visuo-spatial memory span and reasoning","volume":"133","author":"M.J. Kane","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref053","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Variation in Working Memory","author":"M. J. Kane","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp063","article-title":"Is the n-back task a valid neuropsychological measure for assessing working memory?","volume":"24","author":"K.M. Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211003702171","article-title":"The concurrent validity of the N-back task as a working memory measure","volume":"18","author":"S.M. Jaeggi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.071","article-title":"The cognitive control network: Integrated cortical regions with dissociable functions","volume":"37","author":"M.W. Cole","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0277727.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-011-0083-5","article-title":"Meta- analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions","volume":"12","author":"T.A. Niendam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect Behav. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.11.039","article-title":"Effective connectivity within the frontoparietal control network differentiates cognitive control and working memory.","author":"I.H. Harding","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20131","article-title":"N-back working memory paradigm: a meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"25","author":"A.M. Owen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(96)00101-7","article-title":"Spatial and non-spatial working memory at different stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"A.M. Owen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000398","article-title":"The role of the lateral frontal cortex in mnemonic processing: the contribution of functional neuroimaging","volume":"133","author":"A.M. Owen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(98)00004-4","article-title":"Functional MRI studies of spatial and nonspatial working memory","volume":"7","author":"M. D\u2019Esposito","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.3.4.255","article-title":"Neuroimaging Studies of Working Memory: A Meta-Analysis.","volume":"3","author":"T.D. Wager","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00180","article-title":"Neural correlates of verbal working memory: an fMRI meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"M. Emch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0277727.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10046","article-title":"Modulation of activity in temporal cortex during generation of inner speech","volume":"16","author":"S.S. Shergill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0277727.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903322307393","article-title":"Auditory-motor interaction revealed by fMRI: Speech, music, and working memory in area Spt","volume":"15","author":"G. Hickok","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.034","article-title":"The effect of rehearsal rate and memory load on verbal working memory","volume":"105","author":"D. Fegen","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.050","article-title":"Modelling neural correlates of working memory: a coordinate-based meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"C. Rottschy","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755","article-title":"Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain","volume":"3","author":"M. Corbetta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.017","article-title":"The reorienting system of the human brain: from environment to theory of mind","volume":"58","author":"M. Corbetta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1616","article-title":"Coherent spontaneous activity accounts for trial-to-trial variability in human evoked brain responses","volume":"9","author":"M.D. Fox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.11.029","article-title":"The mismatch negativity: a review of the underlying mechanisms","volume":"120","author":"M.I. Garrido","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1990.tb03184.x","article-title":"Brain generators implicated in the processing of auditory stimulus deviance: a topographic event-related potential study","volume":"27","author":"M.H. Giard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0591","article-title":"Separate timebehaviors of the temporal and frontal mismatch negativity sources","volume":"12","author":"T. Rinne","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00636.2001","article-title":"A cortical network sensitive to stimulus salience in a neutral behavioral context across multiple sensory modalities","volume":"87","author":"J. Downar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0970","article-title":"Differential contribution of frontal and temporal cortices to auditory change detection: fMRI and ERP results","volume":"15","author":"B. Opitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0277727.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031546","article-title":"Cognitive control reflects context monitoring, not motoric stopping, in response inhibition","volume":"7","author":"C.H. Chatham","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pone.0277727.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.03.024","article-title":"Why ruminators won\u2019t stop: the structural and resting state correlates of rumination and its relation to depression","volume":"141","author":"S. K\u00fchn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0277727.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0467-5","article-title":"Imitation and speech: commonalities within Broca\u2019s area","volume":"218","author":"S. K\u00fchn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0277727.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.015","article-title":"The structure of cognition: attentional episodes in mind and brain","volume":"80","author":"J. Duncan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5073","article-title":"A functional network perspective on response inhibition and attentional control","volume":"5","author":"M. Erika-Florence","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0277727.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.077","article-title":"Exposure to subliminal arousing stimuli induces robust activation in the amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, insular cortex and primary visual cortex: a systematic meta-analysis of fMRI studies","volume":"59","author":"S.J. Brooks","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-014-0052-1","article-title":"Subliminal versus supraliminal stimuli activate neural responses in anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus and insula: a meta-analysis of fMRI","volume":"2","author":"P. Meneguzzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01050.x","article-title":"Processing of auditory stimuli during auditory and visual attention as revealed by event-related potentials","volume":"31","author":"K. Alho","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0277727.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00389-6","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex involvement in preattentive auditory deviance detection: neuroimaging and electrophysiological evidence","volume":"20","author":"C.F. Doeller","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03212140","article-title":"Neural representations of consciously imperceptible speech sound differences","volume":"62","author":"J. Allen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328010e2ac","article-title":"Preattentive detection of nonsalient contingencies between auditory features","volume":"18","author":"P. Paavilainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-012-0315-6","article-title":"Neural Coding of Sound Intensity and Loudness in the Human Auditory System","volume":"13","author":"M. R\u00f6hl","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0277727.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr282","article-title":"Mapping the tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex with minimally salient acoustic stimulation","volume":"22","author":"D. R. Langers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1326083","article-title":"Isolating the auditory system from acoustic noise during functional magnetic resonance imaging: examination of noise conduction through the ear canal, head, and body","volume":"109","author":"M.E. Ravicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)7:2<89::AID-HBM2>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Improved auditory cortex imaging using clustered volume acquisitions","volume":"7","author":"W.B. Edmister","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Brain. Mapp"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)7:2<79::AID-HBM1>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of auditory cortex responses induced by imager acoustic noise","volume":"7","author":"T.M Talavage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20298","article-title":"Assessing the influence of scanner background noise on auditory processing. I. An fmri study comparing three experimental designs with varying degrees of scanner noise","volume":"28","author":"N. Gaab","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0714","article-title":"Probabilistic mapping and volume measurement of human primary auditory cortex","volume":"13","author":"J. Rademacher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9252","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1402-07.2007","article-title":"Effects of selective attention on the electrophysiological representation of concurrent sounds in the human auditory cortex","volume":"27","author":"A. Bidet-Caulet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5183","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005183","article-title":"Functional maps of human auditory cortex: effects of acoustic features and attention","volume":"4","author":"D.L. Woods","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07656.x","article-title":"Mapping feature-sensitivity and attentional modulation in human auditory cortex with functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"33","author":"A.E. Paltoglou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0277727.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-014-0951-8","article-title":"High-frequency hearing thresholds: effects of age, occupational ultrasound and noise exposure","volume":"88","author":"I. Macc\u00e0","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T18:59:59Z","timestamp":1670957999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277727"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Brenton G.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277727","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]}}}