{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:20:21Z","timestamp":1791372021921,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Studies assessing the effect of suvorexant on delirium prevention included patients treated before development of delirium, which can introduce immortal time bias. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of suvorexant on delirium, comparing patients treated before the onset of delirium with patients treated within 72h of admission using the same dataset.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data from adult patients admitted to the ICU from August 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. In \u201cany time before\u201d analysis, the incidence of delirium was compared for patients who received suvorexant at any time during their ICU stay (suvorexant) (unless delirium developed before treatment) with patients who either did not receive suvorexant or received suvorexant after development of delirium (control). This design was used in previously published studies. In \u201cwithin 72h\u201d analysis, the incidence of delirium was compared for patients who received suvorexant within 72 hours of admission (suvorexant) and patients who did not receive suvorexant or received it more than 72 hours after admission (control). Patients who developed delirium during the initial 72 hours were excluded from \u201cwithin 72h\u201d analysis (N = 799).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\u201cWithin 72h\u201d analysis included 1,255 patients, and \u201cany time before\u201d analysis included 2,054 patients (of 6599 admissions). The unadjusted hazard ratio of \u201cany time before\u201d analysis was 0.16 and the 95% confidence interval was 0.13\u20130.21 (p&lt;0.01). The adjusted hazard ratio was 0.21, and the 95% confidence interval was 0.16\u20130.27 (p&lt;0.01). \u201cWithin 72h\u201d analysis had an unadjusted hazard ratio of 0.54 and the 95% confidence interval was 0.36\u20130.82 (p&lt;0.01). However, this association lost statistical significance after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.65\u20131.59, p = 0.93).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Reducing the effect of immortal time bias led to a significantly reduced effect of suvorexant for the prevention of delirium.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T19:40:42Z","timestamp":1669923642000},"page":"e0277916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reducing the effect of immortal time bias affects the analysis of prevention of delirium by suvorexant in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-0591","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junji","family":"Shiotsuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigehiko","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Sasabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2148-5556","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Masuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6673-5630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alan Kawarai","family":"Lefor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Sanui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0277916.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06503-1","article-title":"Delirium in critical illness: clinical manifestations, outcomes, and management.","volume":"47","author":"JL Stollings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0277916.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2015.11.001","article-title":"Delirium in the Neuro Intensive Care Unit.","volume":"28","author":"JB Haymore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North 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Tamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"pone.0277916.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12672","article-title":"Significant decrease in delirium referrals after changing hypnotic from benzodiazepine to suvorexant.","volume":"21","author":"M Tachibana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"pone.0277916.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21043","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021043","article-title":"Suvorexant for the prevention of delirium: A meta-analysis.","volume":"99","author":"S Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"pone.0277916.ref017","article-title":"Suvorexant with or without ramelteon to prevent delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"Y Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"pone.0277916.ref018","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Cohort Studies","author":"K 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