{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:18:01Z","timestamp":1793733481227,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Province natural science fund of Guangdong","award":["2021A1515011579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011579"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and technology plan (International Cooperation Research) project","award":["GJHZ20190823111414825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJHZ20190823111414825"]}]},{"name":"Zhanjiang Science and Technology Project","award":["2021A05046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A05046"]}]},{"name":"Research Start-Up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University","award":["R19038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R19038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Depression is positively correlated with the high incidence and low survival rate of cancers, while more cancer patients suffer depression. However, the interaction between depression and cancer, and possible underline mechanisms are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to induce depression, and smoke to induce lung cancer in lung cancer vulnerable AJ mice. After 8 weeks, sucrose preference and forced swimming behaviors were tested. Blood corticosterone concentration, and levels of cytokines, lung cancer-related factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and apoptosis-related factors in the lung, amygdala and hippocampus were measured.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Compared to control group, CUMS or smoke decreased sucrose consumption and increased immobility time, which were deteriorated by stress+smoke. CUMS, smoke or both combination decreased mononuclear viability and lung TNF-\u03b1 concentration, increased serum corticosterone and lung interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and HSP-90\u03b1 concentrations. Furthermore, stress+smoke caused more increase in corticosterone and IL-10, but decreased TNF-\u03b1. In parallel, in the lung, Bcl-2\/Bax and lung cancer-related factors CDK1, CDC20, P38\u03b1 etc were significantly increased in stress+smoke group. Moreover, CUMS decreased BDNF, while CUMS or smoke increased TrkB and P75 concentrations, which were exacerbated by stress+smoke. In the amygdala, except for CUMS largely increased Bax\/Bcl-2 and decreased TrkB, each single factor decreased BDNF and IL-10, but increased P75, IL-1\u03b2, IL-12, TNF-\u03b1 concentrations. Changes in Bax\/Bcl-2, IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1 were further aggravated by the combination. In the hippocampus, except for CUMS largely increased P75 concentration, each single factor significantly increased Bax\/Bcl-2 ratio, IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1, but decreased BDNF, TrkB and IL-10 concentrations. Changes in Bax, Bax\/Bcl-2, IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1 were further aggravated by the combination.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that a synergy between CUMS and smoke exposure could promote the development of depression and lung cancer, through CUMS increased the risk of cancer occurrence, and conversely lung cancer inducer smoke exposure deteriorated depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T14:22:59Z","timestamp":1669299779000},"page":"e0277945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The combination of chronic stress and smoke exacerbated depression-like changes and lung cancer factor expression in A\/J mice: Involve inflammation and BDNF 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