{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:06:47Z","timestamp":1787612807741,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006506","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["797322\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["797322\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis B viral infection (HBV) in prisons poses serious public health challenges because it significantly contributes to the increase in both morbidity and mortality indicators worldwide. Research has shown high HBV prevalence among inmates when compared to the general population. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of HBV exposure and its risk factors among 1,132 inmates detained in high security institutions. A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was carried out in 11 male-only prisons in the State of Paran\u00e1, Brazil, between May 2015 to December 2016. HBV exposure was explored using a variety of methods, including HBsAg, anti-HBs, and total anti-HBc. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques. The overall prevalence of HBV exposure was 11.9% (95% CI: 10.9\u201312.8), totaling 135 individuals. In the multivariate analyses, risk factors that remained statistically significant were related to the penitentiary location (Francisco Beltr\u00e3o; OR = 5.59; 95% CI: 3.32\u20139.42), age (over 30 years; OR = 5.78; 95% CI: 3.58\u20139.34), undergoing tattooing procedures in prison (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.03\u20132.60), self-reported sexual activities with a known drug user (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12\u20132.48) and having a history of previous history of hepatitis B or C infection (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.48\u20134.64). The findings indicate that public policies\u2013including vaccination, early diagnosis, harm reduction strategies, and adequate treatment\u2013should be designed and delivered in the same way for both the incarcerated and the general population in order to reduce the prevalence of HBV and its associated consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T18:30:30Z","timestamp":1669141830000},"page":"e0278029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seroprevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus exposure in the incarcerated population from southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Joelma Goetz","family":"de Gois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sthefanny Josephine Klein Ottoni","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franciele An\u00ed Caovilla","family":"Follador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Fernando","family":"Dip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9ia Carolina","family":"Lucio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9rley Braga Pereira Bento","family":"Casaril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Cezar Nunes","family":"Fortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdir","family":"Spada J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Welter","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0757-3659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lirane Elize","family":"Defante Ferreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0278029.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0229166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229166","article-title":"The epidemiology of Hepatitis B, C and D in Germany: A scoping review","volume":"15","author":"G Steffen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref002","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. In: World Health Organization [Internet]. [cited 28 Oct 2022]. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-b"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0278029.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i18.2127","article-title":"Three decades of hepatitis B control with vaccination","volume":"7","author":"LC Meireles","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(10)60685-8","article-title":"The worldwide impact of vaccination on the control and protection of viral hepatitis B","volume":"43","author":"L Romano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/735761","article-title":"Risk Prison and Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Inmates with History of Drug Injection in Isfahan, Iran","volume":"2013","author":"D Dana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0278029.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31541","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.31541","article-title":"Sero-Prevalence of Bloodborne Tumor Viruses (HCV, HBV, HTLV-I and KSHV Infections) and Related Risk Factors among Prisoners in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, in 2008","volume":"16","author":"M Khajedaluee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"issue":"10049","key":"pone.0278029.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30466-4","article-title":"Global burden of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis in prisoners and detainees","volume":"388","author":"K Dolan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0278029.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822009000400002","article-title":"Predictive markers for hepatitis C virus infection among Brazilian inmates","volume":"42","author":"HC Coelho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0278029.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000500008","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among prison inmates in state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","volume":"43","author":"ACF Stief","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0278029.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414531242","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV infection, hepatitis and syphilis in a state prison of S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"26","author":"I El Maerrawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278029.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0194201700010","article-title":"Preval\u00eancia de hepatite B e fatores associados em internos de sistema prisional","volume":"30","author":"AA de S Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paul Enferm"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0278029.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232012000500017","article-title":"Para al\u00e9m das grades e puni\u00e7\u00f5es: uma revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica sobre a sa\u00fade penitenci\u00e1ria","volume":"17","author":"SM Gois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cienc Saude Colet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0278029.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46414-0","article-title":"Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis among prison inmates and officers at Nsawam and Accra, Ghana","volume":"55","author":"AA Adjei","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4297","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4297","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan 30 years after the commencement of the national vaccination program","volume":"6","author":"YC Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0278029.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0743","article-title":"Epidemiological study of hepatitis B virus among prisoners with active tuberculosis in Central Brazil","volume":"20","author":"LMM Iglecias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278029.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-868216972013","article-title":"Epidemiology of the viral hepatitis B and C in female prisoners of Metropolitan Regional Prison Complex in the State of Goi\u00e1s, Central Brazil","volume":"46","author":"LAS Barros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.02.019","article-title":"Infectious diseases in the Tuscan detention setting: data from the Health Agency of Tuscany","volume":"141","author":"E Sinisgalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"10049","key":"pone.0278029.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30769-3","article-title":"Prevention of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis in prisoners","volume":"388","author":"A Kamarulzaman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0278029.ref019","first-page":"272","article-title":"Emerging Trends in Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection","volume":"5","author":"C Stasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref020","unstructured":"Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico HIV\/Aids 2020. In: Departamento de Doen\u00e7as de Condi\u00e7\u00f5es Cr\u00f4nicas e Infec\u00e7\u00f5es Sexualmente Transmiss\u00edveis [Internet]. [cited 28 Oct 2022]. Available: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/centrais-de-conteudo\/publicacoes\/boletins\/epidemiologicos\/especiais\/2020\/boletim-hiv_aids-2020-internet.pdf"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0278029.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232014197.08602013","article-title":"Soropreval\u00eancia e fatores associados ao V\u00edrus da Imunodefici\u00eancia Humana (HIV) e s\u00edfilis em presidi\u00e1rios do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil","volume":"19","author":"ACC de Albuquerque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cienc Saude Colet"},{"issue":"30","key":"pone.0278029.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.30.1800614","article-title":"Hepatitis B and C prevalence and incidence in key population groups with multiple risk factors in the EU\/EEA: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"LM Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0278029.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020407","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.020407","article-title":"Hepatitis B prevalence, risk factors, infection awareness and disease knowledge among inmates: a cross-sectional study in Switzerland\u2019s largest pre-trial prison","volume":"8","author":"L G\u00e9taz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0278029.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPH-01-2018-0004","article-title":"Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in prisons: a prevalence study","volume":"15","author":"S Kose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Prison Health"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9990-2","article-title":"HIV Risk behaviors of male and female jail inmates prior to incarceration and one year post-release","volume":"17","author":"LM Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.10.012","article-title":"People who inject drugs in prison: HIV prevalence, transmission and prevention","volume":"26","author":"K Dolan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278029.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1590\/S2175-62362013000100005","article-title":"A educa\u00e7\u00e3o na pris\u00e3o como pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica: entre desafios e tarefas","volume":"38","author":"EMC Onofre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educ Real"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0278029.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2965","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1\/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia","volume":"7","author":"AA Prasetyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref029","unstructured":"Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico de Hepatites Virais\u20142018. In: Departamento de Doen\u00e7as de Condi\u00e7\u00f5es Cr\u00f4nicas e Infec\u00e7\u00f5es Sexualmente Transmiss\u00edveis [Internet]. [cited 28 Oct 2022]. Available: https:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/boletim_epidemiologico\/hepatites_virais_2018.pdf"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0278029.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7589","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207589","article-title":"Vaccination coverage among prisoners: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"N Vicente-Alcalde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3S","key":"pone.0278029.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.09.030","article-title":"Age-specific global prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and tuberculosis among incarcerated people: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"SA Kinner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0278029.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12870","article-title":"Trends in hepatitis B prevalence and associated risk factors among Indigenous and non-Indigenous prison entrants in Australia, 2004 to 2013","volume":"43","author":"T Coles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0278029.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.1999.tb01278.x","article-title":"Seroprevalence of markers for hepatitis B, C and G in male and female prisoners-NSW, 1996","volume":"23","author":"T Butler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.148675","article-title":"The prevalence of isolated hepatitis B core antibody and its related risk factors among male injected drug users in Isfahan prisons","volume":"4","author":"K Shirani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278029.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-623420140000100011","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B and C seropositivity in pregnant women","volume":"48","author":"S Fernandes CN da","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Esc Enferm USP"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278029.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v60i1.7288","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections and their relationship to injectable drug use in a cohort of Sri Lankan prison inmates","volume":"60","author":"MA Niriella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278029.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13944","article-title":"Association between universal hepatitis B prison vaccination, vaccine uptake and hepatitis B infection among people who inject drugs","volume":"113","author":"NE Palmateer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0278029.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2019.11.006","article-title":"Tattooing among Iranian prisoners: results of the two national biobehavioral surveillance surveys in 2015\u20132016","volume":"95","author":"S Jafari","year":"2020","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0278029.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403814","article-title":"Tattooing and risk of hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"S Jafari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0278029.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.04.020","article-title":"Prevalence and features of chronic viral hepatitis and HIV coinfection in Italian prisons","volume":"34","author":"C Stasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278029.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxy002","article-title":"Prevalence of drug injection, sexual activity, tattooing, and piercing among prison inmates","volume":"40","author":"B Moazen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278029.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.010","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"57","author":"European Association for The Study of the Liver","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0278029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T18:31:03Z","timestamp":1669141863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0278029"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jason T.","family":"Blackard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0278029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]}}}