{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T05:33:18Z","timestamp":1787376798814,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This prospective cohort study examined the impact of high anxiety levels on psychological state and gait performance during recovery in runners with lower body injuries. Recreational runners diagnosed with lower body injuries who had reduced running volume (N = 41) were stratified into groups using State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores: high anxiety (H-Anx; STAI \u226540 points) and low anxiety (L-Anx; STAI &lt;40 points). Runners were followed through rehabilitation to return-to-run using monthly surveys. Main outcome measures included kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, TSK-11), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Positive and negative scores), Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS), running recovery (University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index [UWRI]) and CDC Healthy Days modules for general health, days of anxiety\/tension, disrupted sleep and work\/usual activities. Running biomechanics were assessed at baseline and the final visit using 3D motion capture and a force-plated treadmill. The time to return-to-running for was 5.0\u00b13.1 and 7.9\u00b14.1 months for L-Anx and H-Anx, respectively and participants who withdrew (n = 15) did so at 7.7\u00b16.2 months. L-Anx maintained low anxiety and H-Anx reduced anxiety from baseline to final visit (STAI = 31.5 to 28.4 points, 50.4 to 37.8 points, respectively), whereas the withdrawn runners remained clinically anxious at their final survey (41.5 to 40.3 points; p &lt; .05). Group by time interactions were found for PANAS positive, LEFS UWRI, general health scores, and days feeling worry, tension and anxiety (all p &lt; .05). Final running performance in L-Anx compared to H-Anx was most improved with cadence (8.6% vs 3.5%; p = .044), impact loading rate [-1.9% vs +8.9%] and lower body stiffness [+14.1% vs +3.2%; all p &lt; .05). High anxiety may identify runners who will experience a longer recovery process, health-related functional disruptions, and less optimization of gait biomechanics during rehabilitation after a lower extremity injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T14:57:24Z","timestamp":1669906644000},"page":"e0278444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anxiety state impact on recovery of runners with lower extremity injuries"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Aimee","family":"Madsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharareh","family":"Sharififar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Oberhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin R.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2177-1683","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heather K.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0278444.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0333-8","article-title":"Incidence of running-related injuries per 1000 h of running in different types of runners: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"S Videb\u00e6k","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0278444.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002455","article-title":"Multifactorial Determinants of Running Injury Locations in 550 Injured Recreational Runners","volume":"53","author":"K Hollander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0278444.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3181de7ec5","article-title":"Prevention of running injuries","volume":"9","author":"KB Fields","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"pone.0278444.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211043444","article-title":"What are the main risk factors for lower extremity running-related injuries? a retrospective survey based on 3669 respondents","volume":"9","author":"D Sanfilippo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0278444.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002282","article-title":"Proximal adaptations in chronic ankle instability: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"AF Dejong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0278444.ref006","first-page":"21","article-title":"The proportion of lower limb running injuries by gender, anatomical location and specific pathology: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"P Francis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"pone.0278444.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262301","article-title":"What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries? 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