{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:53:02Z","timestamp":1792788782680,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Climate Change Information and Research Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As transition areas between aquatic ecosystems and the adjacent terrestrial ones, riparian regions are highly exposed to coastal climate hazards. This article describes how climate change and extreme weather impact vulnerable riparian communities and settlements. The analysis is done by reviewing past research and empirical case studies from riparian rural communities of the impact zone of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh, the world\u2019s most extensive mangrove forest. The article discusses the climate-related impacts on households through a Severity Index of Vulnerability and assesses the adaptation responses they may pursue. The principal climate-related vulnerabilities and impacts due to increases in temperature, storm surges, sea flooding, and sea-level rise are seawater intrusion and riverbank erosion. Many households have adopted several autonomous reactive adaptation strategies rather than planned ones, to cope with these impacts. However, government organisations and NGOs provide less than optimal technical and financial support to households for planned and anticipatory adaptive responses. The main barriers to adaptation were the high cost of improved crop varieties, inadequate agricultural extension services, and a lack of knowledge on effective climate adaptation. The restoration of the mangrove ecosystem may increase its resilience and, among other things, make local communities less exposed. The article also presents some adaptation measures proper to reduce the climate-related vulnerability of riparian settlements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T13:41:03Z","timestamp":1670420463000},"page":"e0278605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Climate change adaptation responses among riparian settlements: A case study from Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Walter","family":"Leal Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. M. Monirul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo J.","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4744-355X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Mahbubur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1532-9792","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sajal","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-5586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franziska","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-5357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marina","family":"Kovaleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Saroar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278605.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.25103\/jestr.031.29","article-title":"Riparian areas of Greece: their definition and characteristics.","volume":"3","author":"GN Zaimes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eng Sci Tech Rev"},{"key":"pone.0278605.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.10.035","article-title":"Integrative conservation of riparian zones","volume":"211","author":"E Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"pone.0278605.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2019.e00819","article-title":"Ecosystem services of a functionally diverse riparian zone in the Amazon\u2013Cerrado agricultural frontier.","volume":"21","author":"RL N\u00f3brega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob Ecol Conserv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278605.ref004","first-page":"5662","article-title":"Riparian zones increase regional species richness by harboring different, not more, species","volume":"86","author":"JL Sabo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"pone.0278605.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203497753","volume-title":"Riparian areas of the southwestern United States: hydrology, ecology, and management.","author":"PF Ffolliott","year":"2003"},{"key":"pone.0278605.ref006","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Origins, patterns, and importance of heterogeneity in riparian systems.","author":"RJ Naiman","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278605.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-015-0424-5","article-title":"A multi-scale hierarchical framework for developing understanding of river behaviour to support river management","volume":"78","author":"AM Gurnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquat Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278605.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.621","article-title":"The ecology of interfaces: riparian zones","volume":"28","author":"RJ Naiman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"key":"pone.0278605.ref009","volume-title":"Introduction to conservation biology.","author":"RB Primack","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0278605.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0379-0","article-title":"Flow regime alteration degrades ecological networks in riparian ecosystems.","volume":"2","author":"JD Tonkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"key":"pone.0278605.ref011","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Defining Arizona\u2019s riparian areas and their importance to the landscape","author":"G. 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