{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T07:42:01Z","timestamp":1775547721704,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019734","name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-2006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-2006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department for International Development (DFID), UK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A lymphatic filariasis (LF) endemic focus along the River Galana\/ Sabaki in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya, provided a platform to conduct an integrated survey for three helminthic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), namely soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), schistosomiasis (SCH) and LF. Additionally, the study compared the performance of two mosquito trapping methods for LF molecular xenomonitoring (MX). Cross-sectional surveys measuring STH, SCH and LF prevalence were conducted in four villages. Mosquitoes were trapped using the CDC light trap (CDC-LT) and the Ifakara A tent trap (Ifakara-TT) methods and stored in pools which were tested for <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> DNA using the real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. A total of 907 people (436 adults; 471 children) participated in the parasitological testing. Among the STH infections, <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic> and hookworms were most prevalent among the children and adult populations, respectively. The schistosome worm eggs detected belonged to the species <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> and the prevalence of the infection was generally higher among the children compared with the adult population. The prevalence of LF infection among the adult population ranged from 1.8% to 7.6% across all 4 villages (P &lt; 0.05). A total of 3,652 mosquitoes, including <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mansonia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> species were collected. One mosquito pool consisting of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes tested positive for filarial DNA out of 1,055 pools that were tested. The CDC-LT caught significantly more mosquitoes compared with the Ifakara-TT (P &lt; 0.001). This study demonstrated that integrated epidemiological surveys using standard parasitological and entomological methods can provide useful information on co-endemic parasitic diseases which could help direct interventions and surveillance activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T18:26:51Z","timestamp":1670610411000},"page":"e0278655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Integrated survey of helminthic neglected tropical diseases and comparison of two mosquito sampling methods for lymphatic filariasis molecular xenomonitoring in the River Galana area, Kilifi County, coastal Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-476X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sammy M.","family":"Njenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry M.","family":"Kanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassian M.","family":"Mwatele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunstan A.","family":"Mukoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4022-8603","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Moses J.","family":"Bockarie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Kelly-Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0278655.ref001","volume-title":"Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u22122030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0278655.ref002","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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