{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:56Z","timestamp":1787022116006,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Grants Commission, India","award":["CSIR-UGC Fellowship Ref. No: 21\/06\/2015(I)EU-V"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSIR-UGC Fellowship Ref. No: 21\/06\/2015(I)EU-V"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004541","name":"Ministry of Human Resource Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RUSA 2.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RUSA 2.0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, India","award":["DST-PURSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST-PURSE"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Covid-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) is an emerging disease affecting immunocompromised patients. Prevention of such infections using probiotics and their metabolites persist as effective therapeutic agents. Therefore, the present study emphasizes on assessment of their efficacy and safety. Samples from different sources like human milk, honey bee intestine, toddy, and dairy milk were collected, screened and characterized for potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites to be used as effective antimicrobial agents to curtail CAM. Three isolates were selected based on probiotic properties and characterized as\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus pentosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    BMOBR013,\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus pentosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    BMOBR061 and\n                    <jats:italic>Pediococcus acidilactici<\/jats:italic>\n                    BMOBR041 by 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI TOF-MS. The antimicrobial activity against standard bacterial pathogens showed \u02c39 mm zone of inhibition. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of three isolates was tested against\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    MTCC 2788,\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    where the results showed significant inhibition of each fungal strain. Further studies were carried out on lethal fungal pathogens like\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and two\n                    <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. which are associated with post Covid-19 infection in immunosuppressed diabetic patients. Our studies on CAM inhibitory effect of LAB revealed the efficient inhibition against\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and two\n                    <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. The cell free supernatants of three LAB showed varied inhibitory activity against these fungi. Following the antimicrobial activity, the antagonistic metabolite 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) in culture supernatant was quantified and characterized by HPLC and LC-MS using standard PLA (Sigma Aldrich). The isolate\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pentosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    BMOBR013 produced highest PLA (0.441 g\/L), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>acidilactici<\/jats:italic>\n                    BMOBR041 (0.294 g\/L) and\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pentosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    BMOBR061 (0.165 g\/L). The minimum inhibitory concentration of HPLC eluted PLA on the\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and two\n                    <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. was found to be 180 mg\/ml which was further confirmed by inhibition of total mycelia under live cell imaging microscope.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T13:47:44Z","timestamp":1680184064000},"page":"e0279118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antimycotic effect of 3-phenyllactic acid produced by probiotic bacterial isolates against Covid-19 associated mucormycosis causing fungi"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ravikumar","family":"Lunavath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saddam Hussain","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran Kumar","family":"Bhukya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Barigela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrasekhar","family":"Banoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil Kumar","family":"Banothu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-3863","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bhima","family":"Bhukya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279118.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019","article-title":"Mucormycosis in COVID-19: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India","volume":"15","author":"AK Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0279118.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00265-4","article-title":"Rising incidence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19: another challenge for India amidst the second wave?","volume":"9","author":"A Raut","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279118.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5030069","article-title":"A guide to investigating suspected outbreaks of mucormycosis in healthcare","volume":"5","author":"KP Hartnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"pone.0279118.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir865","article-title":"Pathogenesis of mucormycosis","volume":"54","author":"AS Ibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0279118.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416975-3.00023-6","volume-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","author":"MB Ertugrul","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279118.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040265","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnosis of mucormycosis: an update","volume":"6","author":"A Skiada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"key":"pone.0279118.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.09.032","article-title":"Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19","volume":"42","author":"A. 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