{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:22:08Z","timestamp":1789842128302,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ulna styloid fracture occurs approximately about 55% of all distal end of radius fractures. However, the clinical and functional outcome of these fractures remains indefinite.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Only 56 patients with distal radius fractures had concomitant ulna styloid fractures. The mean age was 32 years (range: 18\u201369; SD: \u00b1 12.7). The majority were men. The mean time from injury was 18.7 months (range: 6\u201384; SD: \u00b1 13.3). The most common was Frykman 2, followed by 6, type 8, and type 4. All were closed fractures; 60.7% were base, and 39.3% were tip fractures. 50% were treated with casting, 48.3% plating, and 1.8% external fixation. The mean period of casting was 7.67 weeks (range: 4\u201316; SD \u00b1 3.1). The ulna styloid was united in 35.7%. There is no significant difference in the range of movement between those with ulna styloid union and non-union. The Ballottement test and Piano key sign was statistically insignificant between both groups. All the displacements were dorsal except in 1 case. The mean displacement of ulna styloid is 1.88mm (SD\u00b11.08, Range: 0.20\u20134.60mm). The mean VAS score at rest and work is not statistically significant. The mean grip strength and functional score (DASH) are similar in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ulna styloid fractures do not contribute to the DRUJ instability and the status of the union of the ulna styloid and the site of the ulna styloid fracture (tip or base) did not have a bearing on the range of movement and functional status of the affected wrist. Temporary DRUJ immobilization might allow TFCC recovery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T18:40:10Z","timestamp":1674240010000},"page":"e0279210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Relationship of ulna styloid fracture to the distal radio-ulnar joint stability. A clinical, functional, and radiographic outcome study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8899-9266","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vivek","family":"Ajit Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan Yong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupini","family":"Devi Santharalinggam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayaletchumi","family":"Gunasagaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0279210.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B4.3611172","article-title":"Three years after Colles\u2019 fracture: a prospective review","volume":"69B","author":"RN Villar","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref002","first-page":"965","article-title":"Ulnar Styloid Fractures Associated With Distal Radius Fractures: Incidence and Implications for Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability","volume":"27A","author":"M Megan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11573","article-title":"The role of imaging in diagnosing disease of the distal radioulnar joint, triangular fibrocartilage complex, and distal ulna","volume":"203","author":"Judy H. Squires","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref004","first-page":"17","article-title":"Anatomical studies on the geometry and stability of the distal radio ulnar joint","volume":"19","author":"FA Ekenstam","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02588089","article-title":"[Destabilization of the discus articularis with rupture of the ulnar styloid apex in distal radius fracture. Diagnosis with dynamic MR","volume":"19","author":"M Gabl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Unfallchirurgie"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80139-X","article-title":"The stabilizing mechanism of the distal radioulnar joint during pronation and supination","volume":"20","author":"H Kihara","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref007","first-page":"65","article-title":"Traumatic disruption of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Pathoanatomy","author":"CP Melone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(10)80075-9","article-title":"The distal radioulnar ligaments: a biomechanical study","volume":"16","author":"F Schuind","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90142-E","article-title":"Ulnar styloid fixation in the treatment of posttraumatic instability of the radioulnar joint: a biomechanical study with clinical correlation","volume":"15","author":"JA Shaw","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80134-4","article-title":"The importance of the distal radioulnar joint in distal radial fractures","volume":"23","author":"D Stoffelen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0279210.ref011","first-page":"710","article-title":"The incidence of ulnocarpal complaints after distal radial fracture in relation to the fracture of the ulnar styloid","volume":"38E","author":"S. Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eu"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(83)80046-X","article-title":"The role of radiography and computerized tomography in the diagnosis of subluxation and dislocation of distal radioulnar joint","volume":"8","author":"E David","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref013","first-page":"438","article-title":"The \"ulnar fovea sign\" for defining ulnar wrist pain: an analysis of sensitivity and specificity","volume":"32A","author":"SC Tay","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80355-8","article-title":"Classification and treatment of ulnar styloid nonunion","volume":"21A","author":"RM Hauck","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279210.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.08.103","article-title":"Distal ulna fractures","volume":"39","author":"TA Richards","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of hand surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279210.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679809002362","article-title":"AO and Frykman\u2019s classifications of Colles\u2019 fracture: No prognostic value in 652 patients evaluated after 5 years","volume":"69","author":"T Flinkkila","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0279210.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810412500177","article-title":"Treatment with or without internal fixation for ulnar styloid base fractures accompanied by distal radius fractures fixed with a volar locking plate","volume":"17","author":"Y Zenke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hand Surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0279210.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.04.008","article-title":"Risk of injury to the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve with percutaneous pinning of ulnar-sided structures","volume":"41","author":"AA Naik","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of hand surgery"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref019","article-title":"Distal radius fracture with concomitant ulnar styloid fracture: does distal radioulnar joint stability depend on the location of the ulnar styloid fracture?","author":"K.W. Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clementsen, St\u00e5le \u00d8rstavik MD1,2,a; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn MD, PhD2,3; Hammer, Ola-Lars MD, PhD2; Randsborg, Per-Henrik MD, PhD1,2. The Effect of Ulnar Styloid Fractures on Patient-Reported Outcomes After Surgically Treated Distal Radial Fractures. JBJS Open Access: July-September 2022\u2014Volume 7\u2014Issue 3\u2014e22.00021. doi: 10.2106\/JBJS.OA.22.00021","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.22.00021"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0279210.ref021","first-page":"643","article-title":"Analysis of ulnar styloid fracture associated with distal radius fractures","author":"K Uchida","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Surg Hand"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0279210.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.08.007","article-title":"Ulnar styloid process nonunion and outcome in patients with a distal radius fracture: a meta-analysis of comparative clinical trials","volume":"45","author":"MM Wijffels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhls.2011.04.100","article-title":"-. Should an Ulnar Styloid Fracture Be Fixed Following Volar Plate Fixation of a Distal Radial Fracture?","author":"DG Dennison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yearbook of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery"},{"key":"pone.0279210.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0899-6","article-title":"Early and late fixation of ulnar styloid base fractures yields different outcomes","volume":"13","author":"A.CY. Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0279210.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2001.0562","article-title":"Origins and insertions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex: a histological study","volume":"26","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Hand Surgery: British & European Volume"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279210.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00345","article-title":"Effect of an unrepaired fracture of the ulnar styloid base on outcome after plate-and-screw fixation of a distal radial fracture","volume":"91","author":"JS Souer","year":"2009","journal-title":"JBJS"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T18:40:28Z","timestamp":1674240028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279210"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Thamer","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279210","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]}}}