{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:56:54Z","timestamp":1791907014490,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is little agreement on the factors influencing endurance performance. Endurance performance often is described by surrogate variables such as maximum oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, and running economy. However, other factors also determine success and progression of high-level endurance athletes. Therefore, the aim was to identify the relevant factors for endurance performance assessed by international experts by adhering to a structured communication method (i.e., Delphi technique). Three anonymous evaluation rounds were conducted initiated by a list of candidate factors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 120) serving as baseline input variables. The items that achieved \u226570% of agreement in round 1 were re-evaluated in a second round. Items with a level of agreement of \u226570% in round 2 reached consensus and items with a level of agreement of 40\u201369% in round 2 were re-rated in a third round followed by a consensus meeting. Round 1 comprised of 27 panellists (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 24 male) and in round 2 and 3 18 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 15 male) of the 27 panellists remained. Thus, the final endurance expert panel comprised of 18 international experts (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 15 male) with 20 years of experience on average. The consensus report identified the following 26 factors: endurance capacity, running economy, maximal oxygen consumption, recovery speed, carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis capacity, lactate threshold, fat metabolism, number of erythrocytes, iron deficiency, muscle fibre type, mitochondrial biogenesis, hydrogen ion buffering, testosterone, erythropoietin, cortisol, hydration status, vitamin D deficiency, risk of non-functional overreaching and stress fracture, healing function of skeletal tissue, motivation, stress resistance, confidence, sleep quality, and fatigue. This study provides an expert-derived summary including 26 key factors for endurance performance, the \u201cFENDLE\u201d factors (FENDLE = Factors for ENDurance Level). This consensus report may assist to optimize sophisticated diagnostics, personalized training strategies and technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T18:33:58Z","timestamp":1672166038000},"page":"e0279492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Factors associated with high-level endurance performance: An expert consensus derived via the Delphi technique"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2895-3191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Magdalena J.","family":"Konopka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice P.","family":"Zeegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Delhaije","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Meeusen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Ruigrok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Rietjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Sperlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0279492.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737100-00003","article-title":"Training to enhance the physiological determinants of long-distance running performance: can valid recommendations be given to runners and coaches based on current scientific knowledge?","volume":"37","author":"AW Midgley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0279492.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01488-9","article-title":"Training for Muscular Strength: Methods for Monitoring and Adjusting Training Intensity.","volume":"51","author":"TJ Suchomel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.5.3.276","article-title":"What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes?","volume":"5","author":"S. Seiler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738117743913","article-title":"Fueling for Performance.","volume":"10","author":"JR Bytomski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref005","first-page":"543","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. Nutrition and Athletic Performance.","volume":"48","author":"DT Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0279492.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.585473","article-title":"Carbohydrates for training and competition.","volume":"29","author":"LM Burke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279492.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0256","article-title":"Special Environments: Altitude and Heat.","volume":"29","author":"PU Saunders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200290103482","article-title":"Psychological Characteristics and Their Development in Olympic Champions.","volume":"14","author":"D Gould","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nurturing sport expertise: factors influencing the development of elite athlete","volume":"2","author":"J Baker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030587","article-title":"Review on Smart Electro-Clothing Systems (SeCSs).","volume":"20","author":"AS Muhammad Sayem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0279492.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101569","article-title":"Sensor Fusion and Smart Sensor in Sports and Biomedical Applications.","volume":"16","author":"JJ Mendes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)."},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref012","article-title":"The effects of footwear midsole longitudinal bending stiffness on running economy and ground contact biomechanics: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"V Rodrigo-Carranza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci."},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815410","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.815410","article-title":"Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences.","volume":"8","author":"M Sellami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci."},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0279492.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101532","article-title":"Sport and exercise genomics: the FIMS 2019 consensus statement update.","volume":"54","author":"K Tanisawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279492.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk4020025","article-title":"The Development of a Personalised Training Framework: Implementation of Emerging Technologies for Performance.","volume":"4","author":"C Pickering","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000292","article-title":"Precision Sports Medicine: The Future of Advancing Health and Performance in Youth and Beyond.","volume":"39","author":"A Montalvo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strength Cond J."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1122-7","article-title":"From hype to reality: data science enabling personalized medicine","volume":"16","author":"H Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00109.2015","article-title":"Sports genetics moving forward: lessons learned from medical research","volume":"48","author":"CM Mattsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref019","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Delphi Technique: Making Sense Of Consensus.","volume":"12","author":"C-C Hsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279492.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v11.i4.116","article-title":"Delphi methodology in healthcare research: How to decide its appropriateness.","volume":"11","author":"P Nasa","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Methodol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0279492.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001812","article-title":"The Use of the Delphi and Other Consensus Group Methods in Medical Education Research: A Review.","volume":"92","author":"S Humphrey-Murto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0279492.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415600891","article-title":"Using the Delphi expert consensus method in mental health research.","volume":"49","author":"AF Jorm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12674","article-title":"Development and validation of a questionnaire investigating endurance athletes practices to manage gastrointestinal symptoms around exercise","volume":"78","author":"R Scrivin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0279492.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2020.1723451","article-title":"Development of an Electronic Questionnaire to Assess Sports Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes.","volume":"39","author":"R Tam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000393","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000393","article-title":"Using the Delphi technique to determine which outcomes to measure in clinical trials: recommendations for the future based on a systematic review of existing studies.","volume":"8","author":"IP Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279492.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x","article-title":"Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique.","volume":"32","author":"F Hasson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0279492.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317690685","article-title":"Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) in palliative care: Recommendations based on a methodological systematic review.","volume":"31","author":"S J\u00fcnger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palliat Med."},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101401","article-title":"Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: Cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements.","volume":"8","author":"D Beiderbeck","year":"2021","journal-title":"MethodsX."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143834","article-title":"Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions","volume":"586","author":"MJ Joyner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279492.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy001","article-title":"Fundamentals of glycogen metabolism for coaches and athletes","volume":"76","author":"B Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279492.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2021.102923","article-title":"Association of muscle fiber composition with health and exercise-related traits in athletes and untrained subjects.","volume":"38","author":"ECR Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Sport."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref032","first-page":"151","article-title":"Maximal oxygen uptake and muscle fiber types in trained and untrained humans.","volume":"10","author":"U Bergh","year":"1978","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279492.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.126623","article-title":"Mitochondria to motion: optimizing oxidative phosphorylation to improve exercise performance","volume":"219","author":"KE Conley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00713","article-title":"Impact of Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Content, and Function.","volume":"8","author":"T Groennebaek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref035","first-page":"56","article-title":"High-Intensity Exercise and Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Current Controversies and Future Research Directions.","volume":"34","author":"DJ Bishop","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0279492.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.6.1132","article-title":"Muscular efficiency during steady-rate exercise: effects of speed and work rate","volume":"38","author":"GA Gaesser","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-2-33","article-title":"Haemoglobin concentration and mass as determinants of exercise performance and of surgical outcome.","volume":"2","author":"JM Otto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Extrem Physiol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.09.010","article-title":"Testosterone and sport: current perspectives.","volume":"61","author":"RI Wood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Behav."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0279492.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.64.1775","article-title":"Erythropoietin: multiple physiological functions and regulation of biosynthesis","volume":"64","author":"R Sasaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref040","article-title":"Growth Hormone(s), Testosterone, Insulin-Like Growth Factors, and Cortisol: Roles and Integration for Cellular Development and Growth With Exercise.","author":"WJ Kraemer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00108.2002","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of exercise on tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids","volume":"94","author":"M Duclos","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279492.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041760","article-title":"Vitamin D Restores Skeletal Muscle Cell Remodeling and Myogenic Program: Potential Impact on Human Health.","volume":"22","author":"C. Crescioli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0279492.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16244897","article-title":"Maximizing Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review of Advanced Resistance Training Techniques and Methods.","volume":"16","author":"M Krzysztofik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0691-5","article-title":"Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra\/Interindividual Variability.","volume":"47","author":"LB Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279492.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0255","article-title":"Nutrition for Ultramarathon Running: Trail, Track, and Road.","volume":"29","author":"RJS Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279492.ref046","first-page":"79","article-title":"Examining the motivation-performance relationship in competitive sport: A cluster-analytic approach.","volume":"43","author":"N Gillet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279492.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800290028486","article-title":"Coping With Acute Stress in Sport: Linking Athletes\u2019 Coping Style, Coping Strategies, Affect, and Motor Performance.","volume":"15","author":"M Anshel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping."},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-198800160-00016","article-title":"Self-confidence and sports performance.","volume":"16","author":"DL Feltz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0279492.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410903089798","article-title":"The role of confidence in world-class sport performance.","volume":"27","author":"K Hays","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sports Sci."},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2015-0118","article-title":"Central and Peripheral Fatigue During Resistance Exercise\u2014A Critical Review.","volume":"49","author":"A Zaj\u0105c","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0279492.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00242.2004","article-title":"Metabolic and vascular support for the role of myoglobin in humans: a multiparametric NMR study","volume":"287","author":"S Duteil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010068","article-title":"Zinc Status and Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"10","author":"A Sanna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030696","article-title":"The Role of Mineral and Trace Element Supplementation in Exercise and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review.","volume":"11","author":"SM Heffernan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0279492.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090946","article-title":"Can Magnesium Enhance Exercise Performance?","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"pone.0279492.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.04.001","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance.","volume":"20","author":"HC Lukaski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0279492.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0846-4","article-title":"Upper Respiratory Symptoms, Gut Health and Mucosal Immunity in Athletes.","volume":"48","author":"C Colbey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0279492.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071597","article-title":"Exploring the Role of Wearable Technology in Sport Kinematics and Kinetics: A Systematic Review.","volume":"19","author":"Y Adesida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)."},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2020.101179","article-title":"Lessons Learned from a Two-Round Delphi-based Scenario Study.","volume":"8","author":"U Schmalz","year":"2021","journal-title":"MethodsX."},{"key":"pone.0279492.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-37","article-title":"Stability of response characteristics of a Delphi panel: application of bootstrap data expansion.","volume":"5","author":"RB Akins","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1375091","article-title":"Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis.","volume":"24","author":"A Moser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279492.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2011.01.009","article-title":"Effects of competition on endurance performance and the underlying psychological and physiological mechanisms.","volume":"86","author":"A Cooke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279492.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328339de9f","article-title":"Carbohydrate and exercise performance: the role of multiple transportable carbohydrates.","volume":"13","author":"AE Jeukendrup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0279492.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0937-x","article-title":"Pacing Decision Making in Sport and the Effects of Interpersonal Competition: A Critical Review.","volume":"48","author":"MJ Konings","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0279492.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0198-2","article-title":"The Psychobiological Model of Endurance Performance: An Effort-Based Decision-Making Theory to Explain Self-Paced Endurance Performance.","volume":"44","author":"B. Pageaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279492.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2702.2003.00662.x","article-title":"Hierarchy of evidence: a framework for ranking evidence evaluating healthcare interventions.","volume":"12","author":"D. Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279492","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T16:06:31Z","timestamp":1701619591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279492"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Boullosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279492","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]}}}