{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T07:30:05Z","timestamp":1769153405101,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Clinical"},{"name":"Translational Science Institute"},{"name":"the Graduate School at the University of Minnesota"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007249","name":"University of Minnesota","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2019s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hmong men in Minnesota exhibit a high prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia. Although evidence of vitamin C\u2019s effectiveness as a treatment for gout is mixed, analysis of therapeutic benefit based on an individual\u2019s multiomic signature may identify predictive markers of treatment success.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary objective of the<jats:underline><jats:bold>H<\/jats:bold><\/jats:underline>mong<jats:underline><jats:bold>M<\/jats:bold><\/jats:underline>icrobiome<jats:underline><jats:bold>AN<\/jats:bold><\/jats:underline>d<jats:underline><jats:bold>G<\/jats:bold><\/jats:underline>out,<jats:underline><jats:bold>O<\/jats:bold><\/jats:underline>besity, Vitamin<jats:underline><jats:bold>C<\/jats:bold><\/jats:underline>(HMANGO-C) study was to assess the effectiveness of vitamin C on serum urate in Hmong adults with and without gout\/hyperuricemia. The secondary objectives were to assess if 1) vitamin C impacts the taxonomic and functional patterns of microbiota; 2) taxonomic and functional patterns of microbiota impact vitamin C\u2019s urate-lowering effects; 3) genetic variations impact vitamin C\u2019s urate-lowering effects; 4) differential microbial biomarkers exist for patients with or without gout; and 5) there is an association between obesity, gut microbiota and gout\/hyperuricemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective open-labelled clinical trial was guided by community-based participatory research principles and conducted under research safety restrictions for SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to enroll a convenient sample of 180 Hmong adults (120 with gout\/hyperuricemia and 60 without gout\/hyperuricemia) who provided medical, demographic, dietary and anthropometric information. Participants took vitamin C 500mg twice daily for 8 weeks and provided pre-and post- samples of blood and urine for urate measurements as well as stool samples for gut microbiome. Salivary DNA was also collected for genetic markers relevant to uric acid disposition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Expected results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We expected to quantify the impact of vitamin C on serum urate in Hmong adults with and without gout\/hyperuricemia. The outcome will enhance our understanding of how gut microbiome and genomic variants impact the urate-lowering of vitamin C and associations between obesity, gut microbiota and gout\/hyperuricemia. Ultimately, findings may improve our understanding of the causes and potential interventions that could be used to address health disparities in the prevalence and management of gout in this underserved population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec005\"><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04938024\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT04938024<\/jats:ext-link>(first posted: 06\/24\/2021).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T19:04:47Z","timestamp":1675278287000},"page":"e0279830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hmong microbiome ANd Gout, Obesity, Vitamin C (HMANGO-C): A phase II clinical study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ya-Feng","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Culhane-Pera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon L.","family":"Pergament","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeng","family":"Moua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bai","family":"Vue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muaj","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9381-6903","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boguang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Knights","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9541-7823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert 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