{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:11:54Z","timestamp":1785827514307,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017908","name":"Alsam Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EY014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY014800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K08 EY024645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 EY024645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011301","name":"Children\u2019s Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["C06RR016511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06RR016511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Previous studies found that infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who were treated for more posterior disease with a greater number of laser spots developed higher myopia. These studies included multiple physicians with variations in laser density. In treatments by a single physician, laser spot count is a better surrogate for area of avascular retina and anterior-posterior location of disease, so that the relationship with myopia can be better assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our retrospective study included infants treated with laser for ROP by a single surgeon at a single center. Exclusion criteria were irregularities during laser and additional treatment for ROP. We assessed correlation between laser spot count and change in refractive error over time using a linear mixed effects model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We studied 153 eyes from 78 subjects treated with laser for ROP. The average gestational age at birth was 25.3\u00b11.8 weeks, birth weight 737\u00b1248 grams, laser spot count 1793\u00b1728, and post-treatment follow up 37\u00b129 months. Between corrected ages 0\u20131 years, the mean spherical equivalent was +0.4\u00b12.3 diopters; between ages 1\u20132, it was -1.3\u00b13.2D; and ages 2\u20133 was -0.8\u00b13.1D. Eyes that received more laser spots had significantly greater change in refractive error over time (0.30D more myopia per year per 1000 spots). None of the eyes with hyperopia before 18 months developed myopia during the follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Greater myopia developed over time in infants with ROP treated by laser to a larger area of avascular retina.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T18:51:48Z","timestamp":1672426308000},"page":"e0279898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association between myopia progression and quantity of laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0161-6977","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eileen S.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-9779","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iris S.","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan","family":"Allozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Kravets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-9741","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khalid Y.","family":"Al-Kirwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle A.","family":"Hallak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Costakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279898.ref001","first-page":"156","article-title":"Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial","volume":"5","author":"WV Good","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0279898.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1684","article-title":"Revised Indications for the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Results of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Randomized Trial","volume":"121","author":"Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0279898.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00227-D","article-title":"The course of myopia in children with mild retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"35","author":"CL Lue","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0279898.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)97036-1","article-title":"Prevalence of myopia between 3 months and 5 1\/4 years in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"105","author":"GE Quinn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279898.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2019.03.006","article-title":"Zone of retinal vascularization and refractive error in premature eyes with and without spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"23","author":"MS Dikopf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of AAPOS"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279898.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31968-2","article-title":"Development of myopia in infants with birth weights less than 1251 grams","volume":"99","author":"GE Quinn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279898.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00527-3","article-title":"Does cryotherapy affect refractive error? Results from treated versus control eyes in the cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity trial","volume":"108","author":"GE Quinn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0279898.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.2772","article-title":"Refractive outcomes following bevacizumab monotherapy compared with conventional laser treatment: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"132","author":"MM Geloneck","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0279898.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0605-x","article-title":"Is the severity of refractive error dependent on the quantity and extent of retinal laser ablation for retinopathy of prematurity?","volume":"34","author":"T Young-Zvandasara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279898.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04946-8","article-title":"Does the number of laser applications for ROP treatment influence the degree of myopia","volume":"259","author":"T Inoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0279898.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01321-z","article-title":"Risk factors for myopia at 1-year corrected age following laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"35","author":"Y Mori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0279898.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000443844","article-title":"Comparison of Refractive Error Changes in Retinopathy of Prematurity Patients Treated with Diode and Red Lasers.","volume":"235","author":"R Roohipoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0279898.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6018","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11765","article-title":"Development of refractive error in individual children with regressed retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"54","author":"J Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0279898.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.040","article-title":"Visual acuity, optical components, and macular abnormalities in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"119","author":"WC Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0279898.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5199","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0114","article-title":"Ocular growth and refractive error development in premature infants with or without retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"49","author":"A Cook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279898.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672118770557","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the negative outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity treated with laser photocoagulation.","volume":"29","author":"J. Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0279898.ref017","article-title":"Study of the Biological Developmental Characteristics of the Eye in Children After Laser Surgery for the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity.","volume":"8","author":"X Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0279898.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0445","article-title":"Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys","volume":"46","author":"EL Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279898.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2012.10.025","article-title":"Progression of myopia and high myopia in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study: Findings at 4 to 6 years of age","volume":"17","author":"GE Quinn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of AAPOS"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T18:52:04Z","timestamp":1672426324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279898"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shiying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0279898","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]}}}