{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:42:16Z","timestamp":1790818936111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075820\/A\/04\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075820\/A\/04\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075820\/A\/04\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075820\/A\/04\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Buparvaquone remains the only effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of tropical theileriosis caused by <jats:italic>Theileria annulata<\/jats:italic>. However, an increase in the rate of buparvaquone treatment failures has been observed in recent years, raising the possibility that resistance to this drug is associated with the selection of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>annulata<\/jats:italic> genotypes bearing mutation(s) in the <jats:italic>cytochrome b<\/jats:italic> gene (<jats:italic>Cyto b<\/jats:italic>). The aim of the present study was: (1) to demonstrate whether there is an association between mutations in the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>annulata Cyto b<\/jats:italic> gene and selection of parasite-infected cells resistant to buparvaquone and (2) to determine the frequency of these mutations in parasites derived from infected cattle in the Ayd\u0131n region of T\u00fcrkiye. Susceptibility to buparvaquone was assessed by comparing the proliferative index of schizont-infected cells obtained from cattle with theileriosis before and\/or after treatment with various doses of buparvaquone, using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colourimetric assay. The DNA sequence of the parasite <jats:italic>Cyto b<\/jats:italic> gene from cell lines identified as resistant or susceptible was determined. A total of six nonsynonymous and six synonymous mutations were identified. Two of the nonsynonymous mutations resulted in the substitutions V135A and P253S which are located at the putative buparvaquone binding regions of cytochrome b. Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) analyses detected the V135A and P253S mutations at a frequency of 3.90% and 3.57% respectively in a regional study population and revealed an increase in the frequency of both mutations over the years. The A53P mutation of <jats:italic>TaPIN1<\/jats:italic> of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>annulata<\/jats:italic>, previously suggested as being involved in buparvaquone resistance, was not detected in any of the clonal cell lines examined in the present study. The observed data strongly suggested that the genetic mutations resulting in V135A and P253S detected at the putative binding sites of buparvaquone in cytochrome b play a significant role in conferring, and promoting selection of, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>annulata<\/jats:italic> genotypes resistant to buparvaquone, whereas the role of mutations in <jats:italic>TaPIN1<\/jats:italic> is more equivocal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T18:27:47Z","timestamp":1672856867000},"page":"e0279925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Selection of genotypes harbouring mutations in the cytochrome b gene of Theileria annulata is associated with resistance to buparvaquone"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Selin","family":"Hac\u0131larl\u0131oglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huseyin Bilgin","family":"Bilgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serkan","family":"Bak\u0131rc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Shiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5843-1730","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tulin","family":"Karagenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279925.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02281092","article-title":"Theileria annulata and its transmission-a review.","volume":"14","author":"PM Robinson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279925.ref002","first-page":"23","article-title":"Control of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection) of cattle.","volume":"32","author":"CG Brown","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0279925.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32692-4","article-title":"Immunological relationship between strains of Theileria annulata Dschunkowsky and Luhs 1904","volume":"29","author":"BS Gill","year":"1980","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0279925.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90062-2","article-title":"Control of Theileria annulata in Iran","volume":"4","author":"R. 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